Summary

Todd Litman is founder and executive director of the Victoria Transport Policy Institute, an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative solutions to transport problems. His work helps to expand the range of impacts and options considered in transportation decision-making, improve evaluation techniques, and make specialized technical concepts accessible to a larger audience. His research is used worldwide in transport planning and policy analysis.

Mr. Litman is author of the Online TDM Encyclopedia, a comprehensive Internet resource for identifying and evaluating mobility management strategies. He has worked on numerous studies that evaluate the costs and benefits of various transportation services and activities. He authored Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis: Techniques, Estimates and Implications, a comprehensive study of transport impacts, which provides cost and benefit information in an easy-to-apply format.

Todd has written or co-written several guides and technical manuals dealing with transport and land use planning issues. He is a frequent speaker at conferences and workshops. His presentations range from technical and practical, to humorous and inspirational.

Todd is active in several professional organizations, including the Institute of Transportation Engineers, the Transportation Research Board (a section of U.S. National Academy of Sciences) and the Centre for Sustainable Transportation.

In addition to technical writing, Todd has co-authored two travel books (Washington; Off the Beaten Path and Best Bike Rides in the Pacific Northwest) with his wife, Suzanne Kort. They reside with their two children in Victoria, British Columbia.

Work Experience

Executive Director, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, March 1995 to present.

The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization working to develop innovative tools for transportation decision making. As director, Mr. Litman performs research and policy analysis on a wide range of transportation issues, including economic analysis, full cost accounting, transportation demand management planning and evaluation, environmental and social impact analysis, equity analysis, multi-modal planning and transit program evaluation. Below are projects he has worked on.

Congestion Management Best Practices

Providing technical support for the Washington DC Downtown Congestion Management Task Force. Includes research and analysis to identify suitable congestion management strategies for implementation in a large city central business district. (Prime contractor: Volpe Transportation Center [www.volpe.dot.gov], for the City of Washington DC [www.dc.gov]. Time Period: April – October 2004).

Public Transit Economic Evaluation

Produced a report identifying the net benefits of potential public transit improvements in Colorado Springs. Created a detailed evaluation framework which identifies categories of benefits and costs to consider when assessing public transit improvements, describes methods for quantifying and comparing these impacts, and recommends monetized cost and benefit values for use in Colorado Springs. Developed a spreadsheet to automate analysis which calculated the net benefits of various transit improvement options in the city. Also identified examples of successful transit projects in similar cities, described possible ways of increasing transit benefits, and provided responses to common criticisms of public transit investments. (Client: City of Colorado Springs [www.springsgov.com]. Time period: January – March 2004).

Resort Community Transportation Management Plan

Provided guidance on incorporating transportation demand management strategies into the Whistler area transportation plan. Identified a variety of potential transportation demand management strategies, predicted their impacts on travel volumes and traffic congestion, and developed a framework for evaluating their full benefits and costs. (Prime contractor: Delcan [www.Delcan.com], for Resort Municipality of Whistler [www.whistler.ca]. Time Period: September 2003 – February 2004).

Parking Tax Policy Evaluation

Helped evaluate the feasibility and impacts of various parking tax options for funding transportation in the Greater Vancouver region. Included research on various parking taxes, and analysis of their impacts on consumers, businesses, parking supply, parking price, travel patterns and land use. (Prime contractor: InterVISTAS [www.intervistas.com], for TransLink [www.translink.bc.ca] regional transportation authority. Time Period: November 2003).

Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Plan

Provided guidance on transportation emission reduction strategies for the city of Vancouver’s greenhouse gas emission reduction plan. Identified a variety of potential emission reduction strategies, predicted their potential emission reductions, and developed a framework for evaluating their full benefits and costs. (Prime contractor: Sheltair Scientific [www.sheltair.com], for City of Vancouver [www.vancouver.ca]. Time Period: September-December 2003).

Kingston, Jamaica Area Sustainable Transportation And Land Use Plan

Helped develop a sustainable transportation and land use strategic plan for the Kingston, Jamaica region. Included performing an extensive literature review of developing country sustainable transportation and land use strategies, reviewing current travel and land use conditions and policies in the Kingston region, consulting with numerous stakeholders in the region, giving a public presentation on sustainable transport planning in Kingston, and providing specific policy and planning recommendations. (ENACT Project Sustainable Development Plan, National Environment and Planning Agency [www.nepa.gov.jm] and Canadian International Development Agency [www.acdi-cida.gc.ca]. Time Period: July-August 2003).

Parking Management Best Practices Report

Developing comprehensive technical report on parking management best practices for the Institute of Transportation Engineers, a leading international transportation professional organization. This project includes general research on potential parking management strategies, developing a framework for evaluating parking options, collecting suitable examples and case studies, writing draft reports, circulating information to a review team and incorporating comments, and providing general project coordination. (Project Manager: Allen Swanson, ITE Parking Council Chair. Client: Institute of Transportation Engineers [www.ite.org]. Time Period: February 2003 through completion).

Transit Station Parking Strategy

Developing parking policies and planning practices for implementation at new rail transit stations in Southern California. This includes developing an evaluation process to prioritize parking improvements, creating a menu of potential parking management strategies, and helping to establish a planning process to determine which strategies are suitable for implementation at each site. (Project Manager: Robin Blair. Client: Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation Authority [www.mta.net]. Time Period: January-July 2003).

Federal Policies to Support Active Transportation

Produced a summary paper that identifies ways to incorporate public health objectives into transport planning, and recommends specific federal policies to encourage more physically active transportation, to provide background for a workshop on Active Transportation involving high-level federal government officials. (Project Manager: Francine Godin. Client: Go For Green [www.goforgreen.ca]. Time Period: February-April 2003).

Transportation and Social Exclusion Research

Wrote and presented a paper titled Social Inclusion As A Transport Planning Issue in Canada at a seminar at the University of Westminster in London, April 3-4, 2003 as part of a major research project to evaluate and compare transportation-related social exclusion issues in G-7 countries. (Project Manager: Professor Karen Lucas, Transport Studies Group, University of Westminster, University of Westminster, London. Client: the Federation Internationale de l’Automobile [www.fiafoundation.com]. Time Period: January – April 2003.)

University Transportation Management Program Planning

Helping to develop a comprehensive transportation demand management plan as part of the strategic development plan for a university campus. Involves working with a variety of stakeholders to identify and evaluate potential mobility and parking management strategies. (Project Manager: Boulevard Planning Group. Transport Client: University of Victoria. Time Period: October 2002 – December 2003.)

Evaluated Integrated Mobility Systems

Helped to develop a model to predict the effects that an integrated, “smart card” electronic transit fare system can have on transit ridership and vehicle travel. Involves developing an analysis framework, and research on the effects that user prices and convenience factors have on transit demand. (Client: Integrated Mobility Systems Consortium, Toronto. Time Period: September-December 2002)

Wrote Mobility Management Information Resource

Wrote “Mobility Management Measures” module for the Sustainable Transport Sourcebook for Developing Countries, a comprehensive transportation planning and management information resource for use in developing country cities, developed by Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (www.gtz.de), a German government sponsored organization for international cooperation and development. (Client: GTZ. Time Period: April-December 2002)

Parking Elasticity Values Review

Reviewed and summarized information on parking price elasticities for modeling and planning applications in the Vancouver, BC region. (Client: TransLink. Time Period: March 2002)

TDM Program Evaluation

Performed a detailed evaluation of the travel impacts, benefits and costs of the City of Seattle’s “Way To Go” program, which encourages the use of transportation alternatives. Developed an analysis framework for evaluating the full benefits and costs of various mobility management programs, including both quantitative and qualitative impacts. (Project Manager: CH2M Hill. Client: City of Seattle. Time Period: January to April 2002)

Transit Elasticity Values Review

Reviewed and summarized information on transit price, service and cross-elasticities for modeling and planning applications in the Vancouver, BC region. (Client: TransLink. Time Period: March 2002.)

Demand Management Emission Reduction Strategy Evaluation

Identified and evaluated potential transportation demand management strategies for reducing energy consumption and pollution emissions in the Vancouver region. This includes developing a model that predicts and compares the potential energy conservation and emission reduction benefits of each strategy, and identifying additional benefits (congestion reduction, traffic safety, consumer savings, etc.), implementation costs and barriers. (Client: Environment Canada. Time Period: February 2002 to April 2003.)

Vanpool Program Development Opportunities

Examining ways to improve and expand vanpooling in the Puget Sound region. This project involves refining estimates of vanpool market potential, identifying strategies to increase vanpool formation and improve vanpool program operations. The project includes research on other transportation demand management strategies that can support and encourage vanpool use. (Project Manager: 2Plus, Inc. Client: Washington State Department of Transportation. Time Period: December 2001 to March 2003.)

Evaluate Transportation Energy Conservation Options

Helped identify and evaluate policy and operational programs to improve transportation sector energy efficiency, energy conservation and use of renewables suitable for implementation by the New Zealand Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority. (Project Manager: Booz-Allen & Hamilton, New Zealand. Client: TransFund New Zealand. Time Period: November 2001 to March 2002.)

Urban Transportation Showcase Program Proposal

Developed a multi-million dollar grant proposal for the Victoria region to submit to the Transport Canada Urban Transportation Showcase Program. This proposal included a variety of innovative strategies to encourage more efficient and sustainable transportation, including transit service improvements, new approaches to transit marketing, commute trip reduction programs and nonmotorized transportation improvements. (Client: BC Transit. Time Period: September 2001 to May 2003.)

Rail Transit System Evaluation

Comprehensive evaluation of a proposed light rail system in the Victoria region. This project included identifying and quantifying the incremental benefits and costs of the proposed rail system, including impacts on travel patterns, traffic congestion, consumer costs, economic development, land use patterns, road safety and pollution emissions. Produced the Light Rail Economic Opportunity Study. (Client: Greater Victoria Electric Railway Society (now Island Transformations, www.islandtransformations.org), funded by the Province of British Columbia. Time Period: November 2001 to September 2002)

Mobility Benefits of Passenger Transport

Performed a detailed analysis of the mobility benefits of passenger transport. This project involves examining the social benefits of public transit services, identifying methods to quantify these benefits, and developing a framework for evaluating them in transportation planning applications. (Project Manager: Booz-Allen & Hamilton, New Zealand. Client: TransFund New Zealand. Time Period: May to December 2001.)

Distance-Based Insurance Implementation Study

Helping to develop program guidelines and promotional materials for variable-priced (distance-based) automobile insurance. Under this program, vehicle insurance companies will receive positive public recognition from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for offering distance-based insurance as a pollution emission reduction strategy. This project includes evaluating benefits and costs of different types of distance-based insurance from the perspective of various stakeholders, identifying barriers and opportunities, developing specific criteria that insurers must meet to be certified under the EPA program, and providing other technical assistance for program implementation. (Project Manager: ICF Consulting. Client: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Time Period: May to December 2001.)

Distance-Based Insurance Feasibility Study

Produced a comprehensive study of the benefits, costs and feasibility of distance-based vehicle insurance for a provincial insurance agency. This study involves analysis and comparison of the impacts of four different distance-based insurance pricing options, including a mileage rating factor, pay-at-the-pump, usage-based pricing, and GPS-based pricing. Each option is evaluated in terms of various criteria, including actuarial accuracy, implementation costs, equity, consumer impacts, public acceptability, road safety, energy use and emissions, and economic impacts. (Client: Insurance Corporation of British Columbia. Time Period: February to April 2001.)

Regional Planning Program Review

Provided technical assistance for evaluating regional transportation and land use planning options to various community organizations in London, Ontario. (Client: 1 River 1 Park, Global Action Plan London, Urban League. Time Period: February to April 2001.)

Parking Policy Review

Developed a comprehensive analysis framework for evaluating changes to parking policies and practices in the Vancouver region. (Project Manager: Urban Systems. Client: TransLink. Time Period: October 2000 to January 2001.)

Parking Management Study

Worked with a multi-disciplinary team to develop a comprehensive parking management plan for the city of North Vancouver. (Project Manager: GMK 2000. Client: City of North Vancouver. Time Period: September 2000 to May 2001.)

Developed Online TDM Encyclopedia

Developed the Online TDM Encyclopedia, a comprehensive transportation demand management information resource posted at the VTPI website, www.vtpi.org. This project included research on more than three-dozen TDM strategies (with special attention to their travel impacts, benefits, costs and equity impacts), writing more than 100 chapters totaling more than 1,500 pages of text, and managing an Internet website. (Time Period: January 2000 to ongoing.)

Developed Interactive Internet Tool for Evaluating TDM Options

Developed a prototype “Interactive Transportation Demand Management Database and Analyzer,” This will be an Internet-based tool, suitable for use by planning professionals and a general audience, that provides information about various TDM strategies and helps predict TDM program impacts. It will include a searchable database with detailed information about individual TDM strategies, and a model that will calculate the effects that a particular TDM strategy or project is likely to have on vehicle travel, congestion, emission, road safety, public finance and consumer costs. (Client: Environment Canada. Time Period: March to July 2000.)

Evaluated Urban Development Costs

Co-Researcher on the study Analysis Of The Costs Of Urban Development. This study examines the costs of alternative development patterns, including variations in economic, social and environmental costs. (Project Manager: Simon Worsey. Client: Department Of Transport, Western Australia. Time Period: September 2000 to January 2001.)

Evaluated The Status of TDM in the Vancouver Region

Wrote a report titled Shifting Gears, which evaluates the status of transportation demand management efforts in the Georgia Basin (Vancouver, British Columbia region). This involved a detailed evaluation of current and planned TDM activities in the region in order to help identify opportunities for better coordination among stakeholders and strategies that may require more support if they are to achieve their full potential benefits. (Client: Environment Canada. Time Period: January to May 2000.)

Social and Economic Impacts Guidebook

Served as member of a team that developed “A Guidebook for Assessing the Social and Economic Effects of Transportation Projects,” National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 456. Project Manager: David Forkenbrock, Public Policy Center, University of Iowa. (Client: Transportation Research Board. Time Period: June 1999 to October 2000.)

Developed Pedestrian and Bicycle Planning Guidebook

Developed a pedestrian and bicycle planning guidebook for use by local planners titled, “Building Walking and Cycling Communities; A Guide to Current Best Practices for the Development of Local Government Pedestrian and Cycling Plans,” with Anne Fritzel. (Client: Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Victoria. Time Period: January to June 1999.)

Evaluated Campus Trip Management Program

Evaluated the economic impacts of the UBC TREK program, a university campus TDM program. (Client: UBC TREK program. Time Period: June 1999.)

Comprehensive Study of Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance Pricing

Performed a comprehensive study of the feasibility, costs, benefits and equity impacts of implementing mileage-based vehicle insurance in British Columbia. Included analysis of a unique database of vehicle odometer and crash records. Served as project manager with two staff. (Client: Insurance Corporation of British Columbia. Time Period: April 1997 to January 1998.)

Helped Develop School Trip Management Guidebook

Provided technical support in developing a guidebook for programs to encourage parents to use alternative modes when taking children to grade schools. (Client: Way To Go Program. Time Period: March to April 1998.)

Identified and Evaluated Potential State Level Transportation Market Reforms

Identified and evaluated seventeen potential transportation market reforms suitable for implementation in Washington State. Developed a spreadsheet model that identified the consumer costs, travel impacts, emission impacts, and revenue of individual price changes and reform packages. Wrote the report, Road Relief; Tax and Pricing Shifts for a Fairer, Cleaner, and Less Congested Transportation System in Washington State. Co-authors: Charles Komanoff and Douglas Howell. (Client: Energy Outreach Center, now Climate Solutions, Olympia, WA, www.climatesolutions.org, with funding from USEPA. Time Period: May to October 1998.)

Evaluated Public Transit Benefits

Evaluated the benefits of public transit improvements on the Lion’s Gate Bridge, Vancouver, BC. (Client: B.C. Transportation Financing Authority. Time Period: May 1998.)

Framework for Estimating The Full Costs of Motor Vehicle Crashes

Developed analysis model and guidebook for estimating the total costs motor vehicle crashes and crimes impose on specific geographic communities in British Columbia. (Client: Insurance Corporation of British Columbia. Time Period: May to December 1997.)

Regional Transportation Authority Negotiation Support

Provided technical support for development of the Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority. (Client: Provincial negotiators. Time Period: May to July 1997.)

Evaluated Tax Exempt Transit Benefits

Evaluated transportation and economic impacts of making Canadian tax law more favorable to transit commuting. (Client: Transit Advocacy Project. Time Period: Sept. 1996 to January 1997.)

Distance-Based Pricing Evaluation

Study of the feasibility of marginalizing automobile insurance and other fixed user costs as a transportation demand management strategy. (Clients: BC Transportation Finance Authority and the Greater Vancouver Regional District. February to June 1996.)

Transportation Costing Analysis Framework

Developed transportation cost analysis framework for the Washington DC region. Client: Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments. (Project Manager: Kiran Bhatt, K.T. Analytics, Inc. Time Period: January to March 1997.)

Compared Rail and Bus Transit for Resort Community

Study comparing the full costs and benefits of rail and bus transit options. (Client: City of Aspen, Colorado. Time Period: July to October 1996.)

Transit Benefit Analysis

Comprehensive study of the benefits of transit service in the Victoria region. (Client: BC Transit. Time Period: January to April 1996.)

Website and Software Development

Developed Victoria Transport Policy Institute website, Transportation Cost Analyzer software and documentation. (Time Period: 1995 to 1996.)

Comprehensive Cost Study: City of Edmonton

Comprehensive transportation cost study for the city of Edmonton, Alberta. (Project Manager: KPMG. Client: City of Edmonton Transportation Dept. Time Period: March to June 1996.)

Comprehensive Cost Study: Santiago

Comprehensive transportation cost study for the city of Santiago, Chile. Project Manager: Christopher Zegras. (Client: International Institute for Energy Conservation, Washington DC. Time Period: October 1996 to March 1997.)

Least Cost Planning Review

Reviewed Least-Cost Planning for Transportation. (Client: Puget Sound Council of Governments, funded by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration. Time Period: 1995.)

Transportation Research Analyst

Consultant to the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Highways (Victoria), June 1993 to March 1995.

Performed economic and policy research on transportation’s environmental and social costs. Developed specific cost estimates for incorporation into the Ministry’s economic analysis models. Coordinated special research projects, including a MoTH sponsored conference on Transportation Demand Management and land use issues. Advised on planning and policy issues, including the improvement of MoTH’s decision-making framework, evaluation of transportation demand management and land use impacts of transportation decisions, and how MoTH should address provincial environmental goals.

Energy Specialist

Washington State Energy Office (Olympia), June 1989 to May 1993.

Coordinated, managed and supported industrial energy conservation programs, project planning and budgeting; contract development and management; MotorMaster software development and marketing, research and analysis; database and spreadsheet development; computer bulletin board management, and grant program management.

Water Resources Program Research Assistant

Washington Department of Ecology (Olympia), October 1988 to February 1989.

Produced reports on observation wells and related ground water research.

Lobbyist and Program Coordinator

Bicycle Federation of Washington, 1984 to 1989.

Managed legislative program, performed research, produced newsletter and educational material, coordinated membership promotion, and general organizational development.

Bicycle Shop Manager

Capital Schwinn (Olympia), October 1983 to June 1988.

Education

Masters of Environmental Studies, Evergreen State College (Olympia, Washington), 1995.

BA with emphasis on urban planning, Evergreen State College (Olympia, Washington), 1983.

Teaching

GEOG 444 S01, “Urban Transportation and Land Use Planning,” Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Summer Session 2001.

Participated in the “Gil Sherwin Teaching Excellence Workshop,” September 2000.

GEOG 444 S01, “Urban Transportation and Land Use Planning,” Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Spring Session 2000.

“Bicycle Mechanics and Skills,” Leisure Education Program, Evergreen State College, 1982-87.

Professional Affiliations

Canadian Centre for Sustainable Transportation (www.cstctd.org), Member of Board of Directors. Appointed 2000.

Editorial Advisory Board, Transportation Research A & B (www.elsevier.com/locate/tra). Appointed 1999.

Institute of Transportation Engineers (www.ite.org), Institute Affiliate (member of the Planning Council) and Vancouver Island Section (member of Executive Committee).

Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences (www.trb.org). Appointed to:

· Economics Committee (A1C01)

· Social and Economic Factors in Transportation Committee (A1C06)

· Subcommittee on Sustainable Transportation (A1C01 [2])

· Task Force on Transportation and Sustainability (A5T57).

Awards

Received the TRB Pedestrian Committee’s 2003 Outstanding Paper Award for The Economic Value of Walkability, presented at the Transportation Research Board 82nd Annual Meeting (www.trb.org), Washington DC, January 2003.

David C. Lincoln Fellowship in Land Value Taxation, Lincoln Institute for Land Policy (www.lincolninst.edu). Award to research “Transportation Land Valuation and Taxation,” 2000.

Selected to write scoping studies under The Resource Incentives Program, managed by Redefining Progress (www.rprogress.org), 1998.

Received both the Cost Analysis Research and Outstanding Research awards at the Transportation Research Forum 38th Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, October 1996.

Publications

Journal Articles, Conference Papers and Special Reports:

“Economic Value of Walkability,” Transportation Research Record 1828, Transportation Research Board (www.trb.org), 2003, pp. 3-11; available at the VTPI website (www.vtpi.org/walkability.pdf).

“Measuring Transportation: Traffic, Mobility and Accessibility,” ITE Journal (www.ite.org), Vol. 73, No. 10, October 2003, pp. 28-32; available at the VTPI website (www.vtpi.org/measure.pdf).

“Integrating Public Health Objectives in Transportation Decision-Making,” American Journal of Health Promotion (www.healthpromotionjournal.com), Vol. 18, No. 1, Sept./Oct. 2003, pp. 103-108; available at the VTPI website (www.vtpi.org/AJHP-litman.pdf).

“Non-Motorized Transportation Demand Management,” Sustainable Transport: Planning for Walking and Cycling in Urban Environments (Rodney Tolley, ed.), Woodhead Publishing Ltd (www.woodhead-publishing.com), 2003.

“Mobility Management Measures” module for the Sustainable Transport Sourcebook for Developing Countries, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (www.gtz.de), 2003.

Contributed material for chapters 6 (Urban Transportation) and 9 (Transport Planning and Policies) to the Transport Geography on the Web (www.people.hofstra.edu/geotrans) Internet site.

“Regional Transport Issues in North America,” Earthscan Reader on World Transport Policy & Practice (John Whitelegg and Gary Haq Editors), Earthscan Publishers (www.earthscan.co.uk), 2003, pp. 203-212.

Mobility Management - Innovative Solutions to Transport Problems, Urbancity (www.urbanicity.org), 2003.

Economic Value of Walkability, presented at the Transportation Research Board 82^nd Annual Meeting (www.trb.org), Washington DC, January 12-16, 2003, available at www.vtpi.org/walkability.pdf. Received the TRB Pedestrian Committee’s 2003 Outstanding Paper Award.

“Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis: Applications in Developed and Developing Countries,” chapter in Cost-Benefit Analysis: Environmental and Ecological Perspectives, K. Puttaswamaiah, Editor, Transaction Publishers (www.transactionpub.com), 2002, pp. 115-138.

“Evaluating Transportation Equity,” World Transport Policy & Practice (http://ecoplan.org/wtpp/wt_index.htm), Volume 8, No. 2, Summer 2002, pp. 50-65.

“Win-Win Transportation Management Strategies: Cooperation for Economic, Social and Environmental Benefits,” in Bringing Business On Board; Sustainable Development and B-School Curriculum (P.N.Nemetz ed.), UBC Press (www.ubcpress.ca), 2002, pp. 293-308. Also published in the Journal of Business Administration and Policy Analysis, Vol. 27-29, 1999-2001.

“Generated Traffic: Implications for Transport Planning,” ITE Journal, Vol. 71, No. 4, Institute of Transportation Engineers (www.ite.org), April 2001, pp. 38-47.

What’s It Worth? Life Cycle and Benefit/Cost Analysis for Evaluating Economic Value, Presented at Internet Symposium on Benefit-Cost Analysis, Transportation Association of Canada (www.tac-atc.ca), 2001; available at VTPI (www.vtpi.org).

“Optimal Level of Automobile Dependency; A TQ Point/Counterpoint Exchange with Peter Samuel and Todd Litman,” Transportation Quarterly, Vol. 55, No. 1, Winter 2001, pp. 5-32.

“Transportation Market Reforms for Sustainability,” Transportation Research Record 1702, Transportation Research Board (www.trb.org), 2000, pp. 11-20.

“Evaluating Carsharing Benefits,” Transportation Research Record 1702, Transportation Research Board (www.trb.org), 2000, pp. 31-35.

Shifting Gears; Transportation Demand Management in the Vancouver Region, VTPI (www.vtpi.org), 2000.

“Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance – A Practical Strategy for More Optimal Vehicle Pricing,” Social Costs and Sustainable Mobility, ZEW Economic Studies 7, Centre for European Economic Research, Physica-Verlag (Heidelberg, New York), 2000.

“Exploring the Paradigm Shifts Needed to Reconcile Transportation and Sustainability Objectives,” Transportation Research Record 1670, Transportation Research Board (www.trb.org), 1999, pp. 8-12.

UBC TREK Program Evaluation; Costs, Benefits and Equity Impacts of a University TDM Program, with Gordon Lovegrove, UBC TREK Program (www.trek.ubc.ca), July 1999.

Road Relief; Tax and Pricing Shifts for a Fairer, Cleaner, and Less Congested Transportation System in Washington State, with Charles Komanoff and Douglas Howell, Energy Outreach Center (Olympia; www.climatesolutions.org) 1998.

“Transportation Cost Analysis; Applications in Developed and Developing Countries,” International Journal of Applied Economics and Econometrics, (formerly Indian Journal of Applied Economics), Vol. 7, No. 1, Jan.-Mar. 1998, pp. 115-137.

“Driving Out Subsidies; How Better Pricing of Transportation Options Would Help Protect Our Environment and Benefit Consumers,” Alternatives Journal, Vol.24, No.1, Winter 1998, p.36-42.

“Cost Estimates of Transport Air Pollution in Santiago, Chile,” with Christopher Zegras, Transportation Research Record 1587, 1997, pp. 106-112.

“Comprehensive Analysis of Transportation Impacts – Progress in North America,” Common Europe Economic Dilemmas of Transport and Ecology, proceedings of the TRANS’97 Conference (Warsaw, Poland), October 1997, pp. 64-79.

“Policy Implications of Full Social Costing,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, #553, September 1997, pp. 143-156.

“Distance Based Vehicle Insurance as a TDM Strategy,” Transportation Quarterly, Vol. 51, No. 3, Summer 1997, pp. 119-138.

“Full Cost Accounting of Urban Transportation: Implications and Tools,” Cities, Vol. 14, No. 3, June 1997, pp. 169-174.

K.T. Analytics and Victoria Transport Policy Institute, Review of Cost of Driving Studies, Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (Washington DC), May 1997.

“Full Cost Accounting for Transportation Decision Making: Estimates, Implications and Applications,” Colloqui; Cornell Journal of Planning, Spring 1997, pp. 48-58.

Christopher Zegras with Todd Litman, An Analysis of the Full Costs and Impacts of Transportation in Santiago de Chile, International Institute for Energy Conservation (Santiago and Washington DC), sponsored by USEPA, March 1997.

“Using Road Pricing Revenue: Economic Efficiency and Equity Considerations,” Transportation Research Record 1558, 1997, pp. 24-28.

“Transportation Quality Indicators and Sustainable Transportation Index,” Urban Quality Indicators, Vol. 1, No. 4 (Ann Arbor, MI), Winter 1997.

“Transportation Cost Analysis; Techniques, Estimates and Implications,” paper presented at Transportation Research Forum 38th Annual Forum, 18 October 1996, San Antonio, Texas. Received both the Cost Analysis Research and Outstanding Research awards.

“What is Transportation Equity,” Community Transportation Reporter, Vol. 14, No. 7, September/October 1996, pp. 22-23.

“Sustainable Transportation Economics,” Urban Ecology, No. 3, 1996, pp. 19-22.

Fiscal Incentives for Reduced Automobile Use, (co-author with KPMG staff), B.C. Transportation Finance Authority (Victoria), June 1996.

“Cars vs. Transit: A New Look at the Real Economics,” Mass Transit, Vol. XXII, No. 5, September/October, 1995, pp. 102-110.

The Costs of Transporting People in the City of Edmonton, (co-author with KPMG), City of Edmonton, September, 1996.

Transportation Cost Analyzer Computer Software, 1996.

“The External Costs of Road Transport in North America,” chapter in David Maddison, et al, The True Costs of Road Transport, Blueprint #5, Earthscan (London), 1996.

Public Transit Benefits in the Victoria Region, report for BC Transit, April 1996.

Incorporating Generated Travel in Transportation Economic Analysis, #961187, Transportation Research Board, 75th Annual Meeting (Washington DC), January 1996.

Transportation Demand Management; Potential Measures and Evaluation Framework for Implementation in the British Columbia Lower Mainland, report to the British Columbia Transportation Finance Authority (Victoria), November 1995.

Marginalizing Insurance Costs as a Transportation Demand Management Measure, Northwest Environment Watch (Seattle), October 1995.

“Transportation Cost Analysis for Sustainability,” IATSS Research, International Association of Traffic and Safety Sciences (Tokyo), Vol. 19, No. 2, 1995, pp. 68-78.

“Who Pays?” Bicycle Forum; The Journal of Bicycle Advocacy, Issue #40, 1995 pp. 4-7.

“Land Use Impact Costs of Transportation,” World Transport Policy & Practice, Vol. 1, No. 4, 1995, pp. 9-16.

Efficient Electric Motor Systems Handbook, Fairmount Press (Lilburn, GA), 1995.

“Bicycling and Transportation Demand Management,” Transportation Research Record 1441 (Nonmotorized Transportation Around the World), 1994, pp. 134-140.

Unit Costs of Environmental Impacts Report, with Dr. Peter Bein and Chris Johnson. Report for B.C. Ministry of Transportation and Highways, November 1994.

Oil-Smart Commute Performance Test Results, Bullitt Foundation (Seattle), October 1994.

“Environmental and Social Costing for Road Project Evaluation,” with Dr. Peter Bein. Presented at Western Economics Association Annual Conference, Vancouver, July 1994.

The Cost of Transporting People in the British Columbia Lower Mainland. Co-authored report with KPMG for Transportation 2021 (Greater Vancouver Regional District and B.C. Ministry of Transportation and Highways), March 1993.

Washington: Off the Beaten Path (1993) and The Best Bike Rides in the Pacific Northwest (1992), Globe Pequot Press. Co-authored with Suzanne Kort.

“Bicycling and TDM,” Bicycle USA Magazine, Vol. 28, No. 1, January/February 1992.

Transportation Efficiency: An Economic Analysis. Report circulated at Transportation 2000 Conference, Snowmass, CO, October 1991.

“A City Plans for Bicycles,” Small Town Journal, Vol. 21, No. 1, July-August 1990.

“Creating a Bicycle Guide,” Bicycle USA Magazine, Vol. 26, No. 3, May 1990.

Wrote weekly newspaper column and recommended bike routes: Times Colonist (Victoria), July 1996 to February, 2001 and the Daily Olympian (Olympia), May, 1989 to May 1993.

Reports distributed through the Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org):

· Comprehensive Evaluation of Rail Transit Benefits

· Automobile Dependency and Economic Development (with Felix Laube)

· Issues in Sustainable Transportation (with David Burwell)

· Comparing Emission Reduction Strategies

· The Costs of Automobile Dependency

· Distance-based Vehicle Insurance

· Distance-based Charges; A Practical Strategy for More Optimal Pricing

· Evaluating Criticism of Transportation Costing

· Evaluating Public Transit Benefits and Costs

· Evaluating Transportation Equity

· First Resort; Resort Community Transportation Demand Management

· Generated Traffic; Implications for Transport Planning

· Guide to Calculating TDM Benefits

· Land Use Impact Costs of Transportation

· Online TDM Encyclopedia

· Parking Requirement Impacts on Housing Affordability

· Pavement Busters Guidebook

· Quantifying the Benefits of Non-Motorized Travel for Achieving TDM Objectives

· Reinventing Transportation; Exploring the Paradigm Shift Needed to Resolve Conflicts Between Transportation and Sustainability Goals

· Socially Optimal Transport Prices and Markets

· Sustainable Transportation Indicators

· Traffic Calming Benefits, Costs, and Equity Impacts

· Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis; Techniques, Estimates and Implications

· Win-Win Transportation Solutions

· Whose Roads? Defining Bicyclists and Pedestrian’s Right to Use Public Roadways

Presentations

“Congestion Management Best Practices,” Washington DC Downtown Congestion Management Task Force, Washington DC, 6 May 2004.

“Pay-As-You-Drive Pricing For Insurance Affordability,” Casualty Actuarial Society Spring Meeting (www.casact.org), Colorado Springs, 17 May 2004.

“London Congestion Pricing: Implications for Other Cities,” Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting (www.trb.org), 13 January 2004.

“Emerging Research Issues in Nonmotorized Transport,” Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting (www.trb.org), 14 January 2004.

“Managing Personal Mobility Devices (PMDs) On Nonmotorized Facilities,” Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting (www.trb.org), 14 January 2004.

“Vehicle Use Pricing: Reforms For Efficiency,” Transportation Research Board Value Pricing Workshop (www.trb.org), 11 January 2004.

“TDM and Planning: Best Practices,” Travel Smart Program, Melbourne, Australia, 24 November 2003.

“Valuing Non-Motorized Transport,” presented at the Connecting Cycling Conference, 20 November 2003, Canberra, Australia (www.bfa.asn.au/conference/index.htm).

“Sustainable Mobility: Reducing Car Use through TDM and Least-Cost Planning,” presented at the Institute for Sustainable Futures, Sydney, Australia, 19 November 2003

“TOD Parking Management: Balance Between Transit and TOD Parking,” Rail~Volution (www.railvolution.com), Atlanta, Georgia, 13 September 2003.

“Transit Supportive Policies: Mobility Management and Smart Growth To Increase BRT Ridership and Efficiency,” presented at the Seminario Internacional Sobre Las Implicaciones Del Provecto De Corredores Ecxlusivos Para El Transporte Publico De La Ciudad De Mexico (International Seminar On Dedicated Busways In Mexico City), 3 September 2003.

“The Great Debate: Smart Growth Pro and Con,” debate with Wendell Cox, 2^nd Urban Streets Symposium, Transportation Research Board (www.trb.org), Anaheim, California, 30 July 2003.

“Mobility Management as a Transport Safety Strategy,” Safe Non-Motorized Traffic: Planning, Evaluation, Behavioural, Legal & Institutional Issues, ICTC Workshop (International Cooperation on Theories and Concepts in Traffic Safety, www.ictct.org), 13 June 2003.

“Canadian Transportation Issues and Regional Planning,” On the Edge: Canadian Association of Geographers Annual Conference, University of Victoria, 31 May 2003.

“Sustainable Transportation and Land Use Planning,” Winnipeg Town Hall Discussion, sponsored by the Winnipeg Civic Environmental Committee (www.winnipegcec.org), 30 May 2003.

“Economic Value of Walkability,” Walk21 VI: Health, Equity & Environment, Fourth International Conference on Walking in the 21^st Century (www.walk21.com), 1 May 2003.

“Pay-As-You-Drive Vehicle Insurance,” Forum for Business and Environment, Salem, Oregon sponsored by the Oregon Environmental Council (www.orcouncil.org), 28 January 2003.

“First Do No Harm: Local Indicators of Unsustainability” (session 222), “Mobility Management Marketing: Success Stories and Best Practices” (session 452), and “Economic Value of Walkability,” (session 728), Transportation Research Board 82nd Annual Meeting (www.trb.org), January 12-16, 2003.

“Transportation Funding, Costs and Pricing,” Sacramento Transportation & Air Quality Collaborative (www.sactaqc.org), Sacramento, September 5, 2002.

“The Online TDM Encyclopedia: A Gateway to Innovative Solutions to Transportation Problems,” presented at the World Conference on Transport Research First Annual Conference, (www.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/let/wctrs/wctr.htm), Leeds, UK, July 8-9, 2002.

“Environmentally and Socially Progressive Insurance Policy: Can Distance-Based Charging Deliver?” workshop sponsored by the Institute for Public Policy Research (www.ippr.org), London, July 11, 2002.

Various presentations to government agencies and private insurance officials concerning the feasibility of implementing Pay-As-You-Drive vehicle insurance and other transport market reforms in the Netherlands, sponsored by the Institute for Traffic and Transport, Logistics and Spatial Development, TNO Inro (www.inro.tno.nl), Delft, The Netherlands, July 1-3, 2002.

“Win-Win Transportation Solutions,” Rogue Valley Area Commission on Transportation and the Rogue Transportation District (www.rvtd.org), Medford, Oregon, June 11, 2002.

Helped develop policy recommendations and implementation strategies for market reforms to encourage more sustainable transportation and urban development, Urban Sustainability Program Experts Workshop, sponsored by the Canadian National Round Table on Environment and Economy (www.nrtee-trnee.ca), Ottawa, June 4, 2002.

“Economic Development Impacts of Transportation Demand Management,” presented at Transportation Research Board Conference on Transportation And Economic Development (www.ted2001.com), Portland, Oregon, May 5-7, 2002.

“Overview of Variable-Priced Auto Insurance,” presented at the Pay-As-You-Drive Workshop, sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Reno, Nevada, March 20, 2002.

“Transportation Demand Management – Best Practices,” presented at the State Roundtable on Global Climate Change, sponsored by the Center for Clean Air Policy (www.ccap.org), Washington DC, March 12, 2002.

“Clearing the Way for a Healthy City – Opening Forum,” panel discussion, at the Moving Beyond Planning: Implementing Transportation Solutions Conference, sponsored by Transport Canada and TransLink, Vancouver, BC, March 6-8, 2002.

“Win-Win Transportation Solutions,” Keynote Speech, Rethinking Mobility Conference, Association for Commuter Transportation (www.actweb.org), Portland, Oregon, 21 August 2001.

“TDM Planning and Success Stories,” Technology & Innovation TDM Symposium 2000, Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Los Angeles, 7 December 2000.

“Transportation Land Valuation,” David C. Lincoln Fellowships Symposium on Land Value Taxation, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy (www.lincolninst.org), Cambridge, Massachusetts, 23 October 2000.

“Transportation Demand Management: Challenges & Solutions,” workshop, Oregon Transportation Conference, Portland, 1 October 2000.

“Urbanization & Growth: Challenges and Opportunities for Transportation Management,” The Coming World of Transportation, Boise, Idaho, August 2000.

“Shifting Gears: Win-Win Transportation Solutions in the Georgia Basin,” Simon Fraser University Harbour Centre, Vancouver, BC, May 31, 2000.

“Win-Win Transportation Solutions: Cooperation for Economic, Social and Environmental Benefits,” National Economics Club, Washington DC, 13 January 2000.

“Transportation Market Reforms for Sustainability” and “Evaluating Carsharing Benefits,” Transportation Research Board 79th Annual Meeting, Washington DC, January 2000.

“International Perspective On How More Active, Energy Efficient And Sustainable Transport Could Be Included In Transport Reforms,” presented at Improving Health and Energy Efficiency through Active Transport Modes and Healthy Housing, Christchurch, Wellington and Auckland, New Zealand, September 13-15, 1999.

“Defining and Evaluating Transportation Equity,” presented at Just Transportation; A One-Day Symposium on the Role of Equity in Transportation, Austin, Texas, August 9, 1999.

“Transportation – The Price of Mobility” presented at The Basin Forum; Actions for a Sustainable Basin, sponsored by the Sustainable Development Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, May 28, 1999.

Organized sessions 21 and 58, titled “Automobile Dependency,” a panel discussion, and presented, “Automobile Dependency and Economic Development,” Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington DC, January 1999.

“Exploring the Paradigm Shift Needed to Resolve Conflicts Between Transportation and Sustainability Goals,” Transportation Research Board 78th Annual Meeting, Washington DC, January 1999.

“Distance-Based Charges: A Practical Strategy for More Optimal Pricing,” Transportation Research Board 78th Annual Meeting, Washington DC, January 1999.

“Transportation Price Shift,” presented at Greening State Taxes: National Conference on State Tax Reform for a Sustainable Economy, Center for Sustainable Economy and Energy Outreach Center, held in Seattle, Washington, December 11, 1998.

“Distance Based Vehicle Insurance – Potential for Implementation,” presented at The Benefits of Mileage Based Auto Insurance Policies, Economic Policy Institute (www.epinet.org), Washington DC, December 10, 1998.

“Why and How to Reduce Parking Requirements,” presented at Transportation Planning for More Livable Communities, three workshops organized by the Local Government Commission (www.lgc.org), Nov. 16-18, 1998.

“Automobile Dependency and Economic Development,” presented at Moving the Economy Conference, Toronto, Ontario, July 1998.

“Optimizing Public Transit Benefits” presented at the 1998 Transportation Planning Conference, San Antonio, Texas, June 16-19, 1998.

“Generated Traffic: Implications for Transport Planning,” presented to Transport Economics and Policy Thematic Group, World Bank, Washington DC, 13 January 1998.

“Transportation Cost Analysis” presented to Academy of the Transatlantic Collaboration to Improve Land Use, Transport and Air Quality, Halle, Germany, 23 October 1997.

“Comprehensive Transport Planning: Incorporating Full Costs and Benefits,” Transportation in the Information Age Conference, Canadian and Pacific Northwest Institute of Transportation Engineers, Vancouver, 13 April 1996.

“Traffic Calming Benefits, Costs and Equity Impacts” (session #87), and Discussant for session #225 on Full Costing of Transportation Projects, Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington DC, January 1997.

“Mobility Benefits, Costs and Equity: New Perspectives in Transportation Decision Making,” Local Leadership for Sustainability Conference, Nelson, BC, 29 July 1996.

“Creating a Balanced Transportation System,” panel discussion presented for the City of Vancouver’s Transportation Plan Symposiums, January 31 and February 1, 1996.

“Transportation Cost Analysis: Techniques, Estimates and Implications,” presented at the Transportation Research Board’s Annual Meeting, Washington DC, January 1995.

“Total Cost Accounting in Land Transportation Planning; Status of an Emerging Field,” presented at Down To Earth, IIEE Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica, October 1994.

“Transportation: Access and Mobility” for Managing Growth for Small City Livability Conference, Campbell River, B.C. 1994.

“Transportation Cost Analysis” for Alt-Trans Conference, Seattle, 1994.

“Sustainable Community Transportation,” panel discussion moderator, Transportation 2000 Conference (Aspen), and paper at Pedestrian Conference (Boulder), 1991.

“Bicycle Advocacy Skills”, “Developing a Bicycle Guide with Maps”, and “Bicycling and Transportation Demand Management” ProBike Conferences, 1987, 1989 & 1991.