Innovative Solutions
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| TDM Success Stories: Examples of Effective Transportation Demand Management Policies and Programs, and Keys to Their Success |
Transportation Demand Management (TDM) refers to policies and programs that increase transportation system efficiency. Some people are skeptical; they claim that TDM is difficult and costly, citing examples of ineffective or expensive programs. This report investigates TDM effectiveness. It describes successful TDM programs, discusses how to evaluate their full benefits, and identifies keys to their success. These examples indicate that well-designed TDM policies and programs can cause significant travel changes and provide many benefits. |
| Are Vehicle Travel Reduction Targets Justified? |
This study reflects the recognition that too much of a good thing is not good. Although motor vehicle travel can provide large benefits, it also imposes significant costs. This study identifies current planning practices that overvalue and overinvest in automobile infrastructure to the detriment of other modes. Some jurisdictions establish vehicle travel reduction targets. These help align individual planning decisions with strategic objectives. This report investigates why and how to implement such targets. It concludes that with better planning people would drive less, rely more on non-auto modes and be better off overall as a result. |
| Guide To Calculating Mobility Management Benefits |
This Guide provides instructions for estimating the benefits
of a specific Mobility Management (also called Transportation Demand Management or TDM) strategy or program. |
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| Mobility Management Module |
This module of the Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook
For Policy Makers In Developing Countries, provides information on a
variety of mobility management strategies that encourage more efficient
use of transportation resources, including institutional reforms, transportation
pricing changes, and land use management. |
| Learning from Montreal: An Affordable and Inclusive City (Leçons de Montréal: Une Ville Abordable et Inclusive) |
Montreal, Canada is beautiful, inclusive and economically successful, but also very affordable, with housing prices 20% to 40% lower than peers cities. This results from local development policies which allow compact, lower-cost housing types – multiplexes, townhouses and low-rise apartments – on most residential land. In contrast, most North American cities discriminate against lower-cost housing types, forcing them into less desirable locations. Other cities can learn from Montreal to become une ville abordable et inclusive (an affordable and inclusive city). |
| Win-Win Emission Reductions |
This report describes smart transportation emission reduction strategies that can achieve Kyoto targets
and provide other economic, social and environmental benefits. |
| Win-Win Evaluation Spreadsheet |
This spreadsheet calculates cumulative reductions in vehicle travel from a particular combination of Win-Win strategies, based on user inputs. It also includes a multi-criteria evaluation framework. |
| Smart Transportation Emission Reductions |
This report investigates methods for identifying optimal transportation energy conservation and emission reduction strategies, using a comprehensive evaluation framework. |
| Carbon Taxes: Tax What You Burn, Not What You Earn |
This report describes carbon taxes in general and the new British Columbia carbon tax in particular. It discusses carbon tax principles, identifies potential benefits and evaluates criticisms. |
| Safe
Travels: Evaluating Mobility Management Safety Benefits |
This report investigates the safety impacts of mobility management,
including reductions in automobile travel and shifts to alternative modes.
Empirical evidence indicates that each percentage reduction in total vehicle
mileage in an area reduces total crash costs by 1.0% to 1.4%. This analysis
suggests that mobility management can be a cost effective traffic safety
strategy, and increased safety is one of the largest potential benefits
of mobility management. |
| If Health Matters: Integrating Public
Health Objectives in Transportation Decision-Making |
This report investigates how transportation policy and planning
practices would change if public health objectives were given a higher priority. |
| Economic Development Impacts of Transportation
Demand Management |
This report examines the economic development impacts of TDM,
including impacts on productivity, employment and business activity. This
analysis suggests that TDM strategies can increase economic productivity
and development, and are often better investments than alternatives such
as highway expansion projects. |
| Pricing For Traffic Safety: How Efficient Transport Pricing Can Reduce Roadway Crash Risk |
This report evaluates the traffic safety impacts of transport pricing reforms including efficient road, parking, fuel and insurance pricing, and public transit fare reductions. This analysis indicates that such reforms can provide significant safety benefits. Crash reductions vary depending on the type of price change, the portion of vehicle travel affected, and the quality transport options available. If implemented to the degree justified for economic efficiency, these reforms are predicted to reduce traffic casualties by 40-60%. These benefits are often overlooked in policy analysis.
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| Introducing Spitsmijden: Experiments With Peak Avoidance Incentives In The Netherlands
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This paper by Stuart Donovan reviews Dutch experiments with peak-hour avoidance incentives, which are collectively referred to as �spitsmijden.� This research indicates how travelers respond to price incentives.
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| Distance-Based Charges; A Practical Strategy
for More Optimal Vehicle Pricing |
Distance-based charges include mileage-based fees for road
use, insurance and environmental impacts. This report evaluates these fees
and compares them with current vehicle charges. This analysis indicates
that distance-based pricing is feasible and can provide significant benefits
to motorists and society. |
| Pay-As-You-Drive Pricing For Insurance
Affordability |
This report describes Pay-As-You-Drive pricing and how it can
increase vehicle insurance affordability. |
| Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance as a TDM
Strategy |
Distance-based pricing means that insurance premiums are directly
based on how much a vehicle is driven during the policy term. This report
evaluates the benefits, costs and implementation requirements of several
distance-based pricing options. |
| Pay-As-You-Drive Insurance: Recommendations for Implementation |
This report provides guidance for implementing Pay-As-You-Drive vehicle insurance. It describes PAYD pricing options, discusses PAYD benefits and costs, describes regulatory reforms, evaluates various objections to PAYD, and provides specific recommendations for PAYD implementation.
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| Pay-As-You-Drive Pricing in British Columbia: Backgrounder |
Pay-As-You-Drive (PAYD) pricing is particularly appropriate in British Columbia because the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia (ICBC) insures all vehicles in the province and has a mandate to maximize social benefits. This report describes PAYD, its history in BC, and describes how it can help achieve provincial objectives. |
| Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance: Feasibility,
Costs and Benefits - Comprehensive Technical Report |
This is the 82-page technical report to the report, Distance-Based
Vehicle Insurance as a TDM Strategy. It provides detailed information
on the relationships between annual vehicle mileage, crash rates and insurance
claim costs, and their implications for efficient pricing. It evaluates
different distance-based pricing options in terms of travel impacts, implementation
costs, consumer impacts, equity, road safety, traffic congestion reduction
and environmental quality. |
| Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance Feasibility,
Appendices |
These are the appendices to Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance;
Comprehensive Technical Report. |
| Pay-As-You-Drive Pricing and Insurance Regulatory Objectives |
This article and published in the Journal of Insurance Regulation, evaluates Pay-As-You-Drive (PAYD) vehicle insurance according to regulatory objectives including including increased actuarial accuracy, increased insurance affordability, reduced uninsured driving, and reduced traffic accidents, plus reduced traffic congestion and pollution emissions. |
| Designing Pay-Per-Mile Auto Insurance Regulatory Incentives Using the NHTSA Light Truck CAFE Rule as a Model |
This paper, by Allen Greenberg describes the concept of Pay-As-You-Drive-And-You-Save (PAYDAYS) insurance, which converts premiums into distance-based fees, and evaluates its value based on the method used to develop new fuel economy rules for light trucks. |
| Costs and Benefits of Varying Per-Mile Insurance Premiums Based Upon Measured Risks Specific to Each Mile Driven |
This paper by Allen Greenberg evaluates various price structures for Pay-As-You-Drive (PAYD) insurance based on actuarial accuracy and other public policy objectives such as reducing crashes and air pollution. |
| Issues In Sustainable Transportation |
This article, written by Todd Litman and David Burwell, and published in the International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, discusses issues related to the definition, evaluation and implementation of sustainable transportation. |
| Rethinking Malahat Solutions: or Or, Why Spend A Billion Dollars If A Five-Million Dollar Solution Is Better Overall? |
This report evaluates various options for addressing traffic problems on the Malahat highway corridor, north of Victoria, British Columbia. |
| Automobile Accidents, Tort Law, Externalities,
and Insurance: An Economist's Critique |
This is a seminal article concerning traffic accident cost
analysis and vehicle insurance pricing reform by Professor William Vickrey,
winner of the 1996 Nobel Prize for economics. Three decades after its initial
publication, the full importance of this article can be appreciated.
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| London Congestion Pricing: Implications for Other Cities |
Since February 2003 the city of London has charged a fee for driving private automobiles in its central area during weekdays. This has reduced traffic congestion, accidents and pollution emissions, and improved public transit service quality and walking conditions. The programs' success suggests that congestion pricing may become more feasible elsewhere. |
| Using Road Pricing Revenue: Economic Efficiency and Equity Considerations |
This report examines how economic efficiency, equity, external costs, and political feasibility can help determine the distribution of road pricing revenue. Originally published in Transportation Research Record 1558 |
| Evaluating Carsharing Benefits |
Carsharing is a vehicle rental service with short-term pricing
located in residential areas that is intended to substitute for private
vehicle ownership. This report discusses various benefits to users and society
from carsharing. |
| Carsharing: Establishing its Role in the Parking Demand Management Toolbox |
This masters thesis by Gina Filosa explores the concept of using carsharing as a parking demand management strategy, based on information gathered from three case studies. It provides recommendations for developing carsharing services and using them to reduce parking requirements. |
| First Resort; Resort Community Transportation
Demand Management |
This report describes how TDM strategies are being used to
address transportation problems in resort communities. It describes TDM
strategies suitable for application in resort communities, and discusses
TDM planning and implementation. |
| Pavement Buster's Guide |
The Pavement Busters Guide describes how current zoning
laws and development practices result in excessive parking and roadway capacity,
discusses the economic and environmental costs of excessive pavement, and
describes practical ways to reduce the amount of land devoted to roads and
parking facilities. |
| A Local Politician's Guide To Urban Transportation |
This guide, written by former Vancouver City Councilor Gordon
Price, discusses transportation challenges facing local officials, and potential
solutions. |
| Variable Work Hours: An Implementation Guide
for Employers |
This document produced for the Oregon Department of Environmental
Quality provides specific, practical advice for implementing variable work
schedule (Flextime and Compressed Work Weeks). |
| My Greatest Challenge�The Clearwater
Roundabout Charrette |
This short paper describes Dan Burden's experience dealing
with a hostile crowd, and how his team won the community over with good
communication and a positive vision. It is an excellent illustration of
the obstacles and opportunities facing planners who must deal with public
involvement. |
