TDM Summary Table
Overview of TDM Strategies And Their Stakeholder Ratings
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Victoria Transport Policy Institute
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Updated 11 June 2014
This table lists and describes all Encyclopedia chapters, and rates TDM strategies based on their appropriateness for implementation by various organizations and stakeholder groups.
This table lists and describes all Encyclopedia chapters, and rates TDM strategies based on their appropriateness for implementation by various organizations and stakeholder groups. Here are the ratings:
3 = Very appropriate. This generally means the organization directly implements or funds that strategy.
2 = Usually appropriate. This generally means the organization can significantly support that strategy, or may implement it in some situations.
1 = Sometimes appropriate. This generally means the organization can support that strategy or may implement it in some situations or in some specific ways.
These rating are subjective and are intended to reflect typical, overall conditions and may not apply in a particular situation. For example, Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) programs are generally implemented at the local or regional level. As a result, they are generally rated a 3 for local and regional governments, but only a 1 or 2 for federal implementation. However, Federal polices can encourage and support CTR programs indirectly, and Federal agencies can implement their own CTR programs, so under certain circumstances CTR strategies are very appropriate for Federal implementation. Similarly, although individual businesses and people cannot implement transportation policy and planning reforms directly, they can support such reforms politically.
Not all chapters describe a specific TDM strategy; some provide information on TDM planning and evaluation, and so are not rated.
TDM Summary Table (Ratings from 3 [most appropriate] to 1 [sometimes appropriate]).
|
Strategy |
Description |
Federal
|
State/ Provincial |
Regional
|
Municipal |
Business Assoc. |
Individual Business |
Community Assoc. |
Campus |
Transport Agency |
Individual |
|
Access management increases coordination between roadway design and land use development patterns to improve transport system performance. |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
|
|
|
“Accessibility” refers to people’s ability to reach desired goods, services and activities, which is the ultimate goal of most transport activity. Basing transport planning on accessibility rather than mobility tends to support TDM. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are various ways to address the security concerns of people using alternative modes such as walking, cycling, ridesharing and public transit. |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
Alternative work schedules include flextime, Compressed Work Week (CWW), and staggered shifts. They reduce peak period travel and help accommodate ridesharing and transit use. |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
Various policies and programs can help preserve the value of assets such as roadways and parking facilities. |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Describes transport and land use patterns that increase automobile use and reduce transport options. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Various management strategies can increase air transport efficiency, including strategies that encourage use of alternative modes, reduce total air traffic, increase air travel system efficiencies, and reduce specific aviation external costs such as air and noise pollution. |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
3 |
2 |
|
|
Describes the concepts of “Basic Access” and “Basic Mobility” and how they can be evaluated. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Improved bicycle parking, storage and changing facilities support cycling. |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
Various strategies improve the integration of bicycling and public transit travel, including improved cycling access and bicycle storage at transit stops and stations, and the ability to carry bikes on transit vehicles. |
1 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems provide high quality bus service on busy urban corridors. |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
Transportation on college, university and research campuses can be managed to increase system efficiency and reduce problems such as traffic congestion, parking facility costs, user costs and environmental impacts. |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
Strategy |
Description |
Federal
|
State/ Provincial |
Regional
|
Municipal |
Business Assoc. |
Individual Business |
Community Assoc. |
Campus |
Transport Agency |
Individuals |
|
Car-free planning strategies reduce automobile travel at particular times and places, and to create pedestrian oriented streets. |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Carbon taxes are special taxes based on fuel carbon content intended to encourage energy conservation and climate change emission reductions. |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Carsharing refers to vehicle rental services that substitute for private vehicle ownership. This requires that rental services be easily accessible, affordable and convenient to use, even for short time periods. |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
Change Management involves various techniques that help build support for innovation within organizations. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Increased density (number of people or employees located in an area) and clustering (locating related activities close together) tend to reduce travel distances and improve travel options. |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
The quantity and quality of positive interactions among people in a community. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Various commuter financial incentives can be used to encourage use of more efficient commute modes. These include parking cash out, travel allowance, transit benefits, and rideshare benefits. They are often provided as an alternative to subsidized employee parking. |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Transportation price and market reforms can encourage more efficient transportation and support TDM objectives. |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
Various planning reforms can result in more comprehensive and accurate transport decision-making. Current planning omissions and distortions that tend to overvalue automobile-oriented improvements and undervalue TDM strategies and alternative modes. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
Identifies TDM strategies that can help reduce traffic congestion. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Improved roadway and pathway connectivity tends to improve accessibility and reduce vehicle travel distances |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Flexible design requirements to reflect community values. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
Planning that deals with uncertainly by identifying solutions to potential future problems. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Strategy |
Description |
Federal
|
State/ Provincial |
Regional
|
Municipal |
Business Assoc. |
Individual Business |
Community Assoc. |
Campus |
Transport Agency |
Individuals |
|
There are many ways to improve cycling conditions and encouraging cycling activity, including improved design and maintenance of cycling paths and lanes, improved bicycle parking and changing facilities, and user education and information, and encouragement programs. |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
Mileage-based vehicle fees include Pay-As-You-Drive (PAYD) vehicle insurance, registration fees and vehicle taxes. Converting fixed costs into distance-based charges gives motorists a new opportunity to save money when they reduce their mileage. |
2 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
Creating vibrant downtowns, business districts, urban villages and other accessible, mixed-use activity centers tends to support many TDM strategies. |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
Mobility management strategies can help improve transportation services during emergencies. |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) programs provide encouragement, incentives and support for commuters to use alternative modes, alternative work hours, and other efficient transport options. |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
This chapter describes the Online TDM Encyclopedia and how to use it. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Describes strategies for reducing vehicle energy consumption and pollution emissions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This chapter discusses general concepts of transportation equity, ways to evaluate it, and describes the criteria this Encyclopedia uses to rate the equity impacts of individual TDM strategies. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discusses ways to evaluate the land use impacts of transport planning decisions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Describes techniques for evaluating walking and cycling for planning purposes. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discusses how TDM strategies impact traffic safety, public health and security. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TDM evaluation requires more comprehensive analysis than is often used for transport planning. This chapter discusses the travel changes caused by various TDM strategies, their impacts (benefits, costs and equity effects), and how to rate the ability of specific TDM strategies to achieve various objectives. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strategy |
Description |
Federal
|
State/ Provincial |
Regional
|
Municipal |
Business Assoc. |
Individual Business |
Community Assoc. |
Campus |
Transport Agency |
Individuals |
|
Evaluates various criticisms of TDM. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Explores the concepts of resilience and security and their implications for transportation planning. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Describes the benefits of having a diverse transportation system, and methods for evaluating the value of specific options. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Freight Transport Management increases freight transportation efficiency by shifting improving the quality of efficient freight modes (such as rail and integrated distribution services), providing incentives to use the most efficient option for each type of delivery, increasing load factors, improving logistics, and reducing unnecessary shipping distances and volumes. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
Fuel taxes can be raised to increase roadway user fees and cost recovery, reduce vehicle travel, conserve energy and reduce pollution emissions. |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
There are various ways to fund transport programs, some of which support TDM objectives by charging directly for vehicle use. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
Defines special words used in TDM planning. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Guaranteed Ride Home (GRH) programs provide an occasional subsidized ride to commuters who use alternative modes, to help deal with unexpected conditions. |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
Discusses ways to improve public fitness and health by more active transport. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High Occupant Vehicle (HOV) priority strategies give priority to public transit vehicles, vanpools and carpools in traffic and parking. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
To add a little fun, jokes and quotes are scattered through the Encyclopedia. This chapter has the beginning of each one. Follow the links to the punchlines. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actions that individuals can take to increase transport system efficiency. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strategy |
Description |
Federal
|
State/ Provincial |
Regional
|
Municipal |
Business Assoc. |
Individual Business |
Community Assoc. |
Campus |
Transport Agency |
Individuals |
|
Institutional reforms include various changes to transportation organizations’ policies and practices that support Transportation Demand Management. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
|
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
New information technologies can improve transportation system performance and efficiency. |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
3 |
|
|
|
Describes how land use factors such as density, mix and regional accessibility affect travel behavior. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Least Cost Planning refers to planning and investment reforms that support demand management implementation when overall cost effective. This tends to support TDM policies and programs. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
|
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
Light Rail Transit (LRT) systems provide convenient local transit service on busy urban corridors. |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
Various planning strategies can help make a community a more desirable place to live, work and visit. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Location Efficient Development consists of residential and commercial development located and designed to maximize accessibility and overall affordability. Location Efficient Mortgages recognize the household savings at such locations, increasing borrowing ability. |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
Discusses market principles and the degree to which TDM strategies reflect these principles. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discusses various ways to measure transport performance. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Multi-modal Access Guide provides customized directions to a particular destination by various modes. |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
Describes level-of-service (LOS) rating systems suitable for evaluating the quality of various transport modes from a users perspective. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
New Urbanism (also called Neotraditional Design) includes various design and development practices that create more accessible, walkable, multi-modal, and livable communities. People who live and work in such communities tend to drive less and rely more on alternative modes than residents of more automobile-dependent areas. |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
Nonmotorized facilities such as walkways, sidewalks and paths can be managed to reduce conflicts and improve user convenience and safety. |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Nonmotorized planning can improve walking and cycling conditions, and encourage use of nonmotorized modes. |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Improved operations and management can encourage more efficient use of existing roadways. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
1 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
Park & Ride facilities are parking lots at transit stations and stops. They support ridesharing and public transit use. |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
Strategy |
Description |
Federal
|
State/ Provincial |
Regional
|
Municipal |
Business Assoc. |
Individual Business |
Community Assoc. |
Campus |
Transport Agency |
Individuals |
|
Guidelines for evaluating parking problems and solutions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Various management strategies can result in more efficient use of parking resources. These include sharing, regulating and pricing of parking facilities, more accurate requirements, use of off-site parking facilities, improved user information, and incentives to use alternative modes. |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Parking pricing involves charging motorists directly for using parking facilities and services, which provides revenue and cost recovery, encourages more efficient use of parking facilities, reduces parking facility costs and land requirements, reduces vehicle traffic and encourages use of alternative modes. |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Comprehensive menu of solutions to parking problems. |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Pay-As-You-Drive (PAYD) vehicle insurance means that a vehicle’s insurance premiums are based directly on how much it is driven during the policy term, providing additional savings when motorists reduce their annual mileage. |
2 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pedways are indoor urban walking networks that connect buildings and transportation terminals. |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
Factors to consider when evaluating TDM strategies that change transport prices. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Improved pricing methods can reduce the transaction costs and increase the cost efficiency of road tolls, parking fees and mileage charges. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
Principles for prioritizing transportation activities and investments. |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
Public Bike Systems (PBS) are automated bicycle rental systems designed to provide efficient mobility for short, utilitarian urban trips. |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
There are various ways to encourage public transit ridership by improving service, reducing fares, increasing user convenience and information, providing incentives, and supporting marketing programs. |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Discusses “rebound effects” and their implications for transportation planning. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policy changes that encourage competition, innovation, diversity and efficiency in transport services can help encourage more efficient and equitable transportation. |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
Ridesharing refers to carpooling and vanpooling. Rideshare programs include ridematching services (which help travelers find travel partners), and strategies that give rideshare vehicles priority in traffic and parking. |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
Strategy |
Description |
Federal
|
State/ Provincial |
Regional
|
Municipal |
Business Assoc. |
Individual Business |
Community Assoc. |
Campus |
Transport Agency |
Individuals |
|
Road pricing means that motoristspay directly for driving on a particular roadway or in a particular area. “Congestion pricing” (also called “value pricing”) refers to variable tolls, with higher prices under congested conditions and lower prices under less congested conditions, intended to reduce peak-period traffic volumes to optimal levels. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
3 |
|
|
|
Changes in roadway design and management practices can encourage more efficient transportation by providing more space for walking, cycling, ridesharing and public transit. |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
1 |
3 |
|
|
|
Carious TDM strategies can help improve transportation in lower-density, rural areas. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
School Transport Management programs encourage parents, students and staff to reduce automobile trips and use alternative modes when traveling to and from schools. |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
|
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
Sharing parking facilities among various users can increase efficiency and support various TDM strategies. |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Shuttle services include circulating shuttle buses, demand response and other special mobility services, jitneys and free transit zones. |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
Small-wheeled vehicles include wheeled luggage, walkers, skates, scooters and handcarts. These modes can support TDM. |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
Smart Growth involves various local and regional land use planning practices that create more accessible, multi-modal, efficient and livable communities. This tends to reduce driving and increase use of alternative modes. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
Various planning, regulatory and fiscal reforms help create more efficient land use. These reforms can help correct existing practices that encourage automobile-dependent land use development patterns. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
Special programs can help managed transportation efficiently during major events, construction projects and emergencies. |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Reducing traffic speeds tends to improve walking and cycling conditions, increase safety, reduce air and noise pollution, encourage more compact development, and reduce total automobile travel. |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Describes ways to improve public transit stops and stations in order to make them more attractive and improve waiting conditions. |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Various strategies can help achieve equity objectives, by increasing cost recovery, improving travel options for non-drivers and providing more affordable travel options. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Street reclaiming involves various strategies that increase community interaction on neighborhood streets. |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Streetscaping involves various ways to redesign roadways (particularly urban arterials) to support more multi-modal transportation and create more attractive and accessible communities. |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
Describes successful TDM programs. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Data collection and participant surveys for TDM program evaluation. |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
TDM can help achieve sustainable transport planning objectives. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Strategy |
Description |
Federal
|
State/ Provincial |
Regional
|
Municipal |
Business Assoc. |
Individual Business |
Community Assoc. |
Campus |
Transport Agency |
Individuals |
|
Taxi service improvements can help support TDM. |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
Examines how TDM affects economic productivity, employment, business activity and investment. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TDM can be particularly important in developing (lower-income) regions due to their limited economic resources, diverse transportation systems, equity objectives and environmental conditions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TDM marketing programs and strategies investigate the types of transportation services people want, identify barriers to alternative modes, and promote use of efficient transport options. |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Discusses various issues to consider when planning and implementing Transportation Demand Management programs. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
This chapter discusses different types of transportation management programs, how they are organized and funded, and their role in implementing TDM strategies. |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Publications and websites for more information on TDM. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Telework involves the use of telecommunications to substitute for physical travel, including telecommuting, teleshopping, distance-learning, electronic government, video conferencing, and Internet-based business-to-business activities. |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
Summarizes estimates of the costs of driving and savings from reduced vehicle travel. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tourist Transport Management involves various policies and programs that improve recreational travel options and reduce automobile traffic in resort areas. |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
Traffic Calming refers to various roadway design features intended to reduce traffic speeds and volumes. |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
Strategies for improving public fitness and health. |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Describes how to evaluate public transit services for planning purposes. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Describes successful transit programs. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are many ways to improve public transit service quality, including increased service speed, frequency, convenience, comfort, user information, affordability and ease of access. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Transit Oriented Development (TOD) refers to residential and commercial districts located around a transit station or corridor with high quality service, with good walkability, parking management and other design features that facilitate transit use and maximize overall accessibility. |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Strategy |
Description |
Federal
|
State/ Provincial |
Regional
|
Municipal |
Business Assoc. |
Individual Business |
Community Assoc. |
Campus |
Transport Agency |
Individuals |
|
Discusses the implications of mobility being a prestige good and a pleasurable activity. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strategies that increase transportation affordability. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Describes and estimates various transportation costs and benefits. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This chapter summarizes research concerning the influence prices and other factors (such as travel time) have on travel behavior and describes how to use this information to predict the travel impacts of specific TDM strategies. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transportation Management Associations (TMAs) are member-controlled organizations that provide transportation services in a particular area. They support implementation of many TDM strategies. |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Transportation models can be improved to increase their accuracy when comparing modes and evaluating TDM strategies. Current models tend to undervalue TDM strategies. |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
3 |
|
|
|
Describes sources of transportation data throughout the world. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
These tables indicate how parking prices and commuter benefits affect commute travel patterns. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transportation systems can be better designed and managed to accommodate all users, including people with disabilities and other special needs. |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Vehicle use restrictions limit vehicle traffic at a particular time and place. |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
There are many ways to improve walking conditions and encourage pedestrian transportation, including improved design and maintenance of sidewalks, paths, crosswalks, and better user information. |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
There are many ways to encourage walking and cycling transport, including facility improvements, promotion campaigns, events, educational programs, and development of guides and other information materials. |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
Discusses reasons to apply transportation demand management. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Win-Win Transportation Solutions are various TDM strategies that provide a combination of economic, social and environmental benefits. |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
This Encyclopedia is produced by the Victoria Transport Policy Institute to help improve understanding of Transportation Demand Management. It is an ongoing project. Please send us your comments and suggestions for improvement.
Victoria Transport Policy Institute
www.vtpi.org info@vtpi.org
1250 Rudlin Street, Victoria, BC, V8V 3R7, CANADA
Phone & Fax 250-360-1560
209