TDM Resources
Publications and Websites
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Victoria Transport Policy Institute
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Updated 26 January 2010
This chapter has information on publications and organizations that can help with Transportation Demand Management planning. More specific reference information is available for each individual TDM strategy.
ACCESS - Eurocities for a New Mobility Culture (www.access-eurocities.org)
a local authority network aiming to promote a new mobility culture throughout Europe, in order to combat congestion, improve air quality
ACT (2001), Transportation Demand Management Tool Kit, Association for Commuter Transportation (www.actweb.org).
ACT (2004), The Role Of Demand-Side Strategies: Mitigating Traffic Congestion, Association for Commuter Transportation, for the Federal Highway Administration (http://tmi.cob.fsu.edu/act/FHWA_Cong_Mitigation_11%202%2004.pdf).
APA (2006), Smart Codes, American Planning Association (www.planning.org/smartgrowthcodes). These model ordinances and regulations reflect Smart Growth principles and planning objectives.
Apogee (1994), Costs and Cost Effectiveness of Transportation Control Measures; A Review and Analysis of the Literature, National Association of Regional Councils (www.narc.org).
Association for Commuter Transportation (www.actweb.org) is a non-profit organization supporting TDM programs.
Association for Commuter Transportation Commute Benefits Webpage:
(http://tmi.cob.fsu.edu/act/f_benefit.htm)
Rahman Paul Barter and Tamim Raad (2000), Taking Steps: A Community Action Guide to People-Centred, Equitable and Sustainable Urban Transport, Sustainable Transport Action Network for Asia and the Pacific (www.geocities.com/sustrannet).
BC Transit (2000), Travel Options Manual (www.transitbc.com/traveloptions).
F. Kaid Benfield, Jutka Terris and Nancy Vorsanger (2001), Solving Sprawl: Models of Smart Growth in Communities Across America, Natural Resources Defense Council (www.nrdc.org).
Andrea Broaddus, Todd Litman and Gopinath Menon (2009), Training Document On "Transportation Demand Management, Sustainable Urban Transport Project (www.sutp.org) and GTZ (www.gtz.de).
Sally Cairns, et al (2004), Smarter Choices - Changing the Way We Travel, UK Department for Transport (www.dft.gov.uk); at http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk/archive/00001224/01/1224.pdf. This comprehensive study provides detailed evaluation of the potential travel impacts and costs of various mobility management strategies. Includes numerous case studies.
Cambridge Systematics (1994), Effects of Land Use and Travel Demand Management Strategies on Commuting Behavior, USDOT (Washington DC), DOT-T-95-06.
CCAP (2005), Transportation Emissions Guidebook: Land Use, Transit & Transportation Demand Management, Center of Clean Air Policy (www.ccap.org/guidebook). This Guidebook provides information on various smart growth and mobility management strategies, including rules-of-thumb estimates of VMT and emission reductions.
Commuter Check (www.commutercheck.com) works with transit agencies to provide transit vouchers as tax-exempt employee benefit.
Commuter Choice Webpage (www.commuterchoice.com), Federal Transit Administration.
Commuter Challenge Program (www.CommuterChallenge.org) provides businesses with expertise and support for Commute Trip Reduction programs.
Commuter Choice Program (www.commuterchoice.com) provides information on Commute Trip Reduction programs and benefits, particularly U.S. income tax policies related to commuter benefits.
Commuter Choice Business Calculator (www.commuterchoice.com/employers/businesscalculator.htm) indicates how much business can save by using Commuter Choice tax benefits.
Sisinnio Concas and Philip L. Winters (2007), Economics of Travel Demand Management: Comparative Cost Effectiveness and Public Investment, Center for Urban Transportation Research (www.nctr.usf.edu), 2007; at www.nctr.usf.edu/pdf/77704.pdf.
Comsis Corporation (1993), Implementing Effective Travel Demand Management Measures: Inventory of Measures and Synthesis of Experience, USDOT (www.dot.gov) and Institute of Transportation Engineers (www.ite.org); at http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/474.html.
Comsis Corporation (1994), A Guidance Manual for Implementing Effective Employer-based Travel Demand Management Programs, FHWA and FTA (www.bts.gov/ntl/DOCS/474.html).
John Cracknell (2004), Experience in Urban Traffic Management and Demand Management in Developing Countries, World Bank, Urban Transport Strategy Review (http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/transport/utsr.nsf).
CUTEP (2001), Guide to Transportation Benefit-Cost Analysis, Committee on Urban Transportation Economics and Policy (CUTEP) of the Urban Transportation Division, American Society of Civil Engineers (http://ceenve.calpoly.edu/sullivan/cutep/cutep_bc_outline_main.htm).
CUTR (1996), Commute Alternatives Systems Handbook, Center for Urban Transportation Research (www.cutr.usf.edu) for the Florida Department of Transportation,; at http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/3000/3600/3633/cashdoc.pdf. Manual on encouraging alternative commute modes.
CUTR (1998), AVR Employer Trip Reduction Software, Center for Urban Transportation Research, (www.cutr.eng.usf.edu/tdm/download.htm). This software predicts the change in average vehicle ridership that results from various Commute Trip Reduction measures.
Elizabeth Deakin, Greig Harvey, Randal Pozdena and Geoffrey Yarema (1996), Transportation Pricing Strategies for California: An Assessment of Congestion, Emissions, Energy and Equity Impacts, California Air Resources Board (www.arb.ca.gov/cgi).
DfT (2007), Making Personal Travel Planning Work: Research Report, Department for Transport (www.dft.gov.uk); at www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/sustainable/travelplans/ptp/makingptpworkresearch.
DFID, Social Benefits in Transport Planning, UK Department for International Development (www.transport-links.org/transport_links/projects/projects_document_page.asp?projectid=322), includes various documents discussing methodologies for more comprehensive transportation project evaluation.
Hank Dittmar and Gloria Ohland (2004), The New Transit Town: Best Practices in Transit-Oriented Development, Island Press (www.islandpress.com).
ECONorthwest and PBQD (2002), Estimating the Benefits and Costs of Public Transit Projects, TCRP Report 78, Transportation Research Board (www.trb.org); at http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp78/index.htm.
Rod Eddington (2006), The Case For Action: Sir Rod Eddington's Advice to Government- Transport’s Role in Sustaining the UK’s Productivity and Competitiveness, U.K. Treasury, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office (www.hm-treasury.gov.uk); at www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/independent_reviews/eddington_transport_study/eddington_index.cfm.
EEA (2004), Transport Price Signals: Monitoring Changes in European Transport Prices and Charging Policy in the Framework of TERM, Transport and Environment Reporting Mechanism (TERM), European Environment Agency; Technical Report No 3/2004
(http://reports.eea.eu.int/technical_report_2004_3/en/Technical_report_3-2004_web.pdf).
EPA (2001), What Employers are Saying About Commuter Benefits, Report EPA420-F-01-013, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
European Program for Mobility Management Examples (www.epommweb.org/examples/examples.html) describes various European transportation demand management programs.
European Federation for Transport and the Environment (http://corporate.skynet.be/sustainablefreight/Good%20practice%20page.htm) has information on good practices on sustainable freight transport in Europe.
FBC (2009), Transportation Demand Management: A Small and Mid-Size Communities Toolkit, Fraser Basin Council (www.fraserbasin.bc.ca); at www.fraserbasin.bc.ca/programs/documents/FBC_TDM_toolkit_web.pdf.
FHWA (2006), Managing Travel Demand: Applying European Perspectives to U.S. Practice, National Cooperative Highway Research Program; Federal Highway Administration (www.fhwa.dot.gov); at http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/traveldemand/index.htm.
European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research (www.ejtir.tbm.tudelft.nl) is an Internet-based scholarly journal with the aim to present results of original scientific research to a diverse readership of scientists, practitioners, and policy-makers.
Reid Ewing (1997), Transportation and Land Use Innovations; When You Can’t Build Your Way Out of Congestion, Planners Press (www.planning.com).
FDOT (2002), Quality/Level of Service Handbook, Florida Department of Transportation (www11.myflorida.com/planning/systems/sm/los/los_sw2.htm).
Erik Ferguson (2001), TDM and Public Policy, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. (www.ashgate.com).
FHWA (2003), Interactive Guidance Tool: Commuter Choice Decision Support System (CCDSS), Federal Highway Administration (www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/PrimerDSS/index.htm).
FHWA, Management and Operations Toolbox, (http://plan2op.fhwa.dot.gov/toolbox/toolbox.htm) provides information and techniques for evaluating transportation systems management strategies.
FHWA, Toolbox for Regional Policy Analysis Website (www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/toolbox/index.htm) by the US Federal Highway Administration, describes analytical methods for evaluating regional economic, social and environmental impacts of various transportation and land use policies.
David J. Forkenbrock and Glen E. Weisbrod (2001), Guidebook for Assessing the Social and Economic Effects of Transportation Projects, NCHRP Report 456, Transportation Research Board, National Academy Press (www.trb.org).
Lawrence Frank, Sarah Kavage and Todd Litman (2006), Promoting Public Health Through Smart Growth: Building Healthier Communities Through Transportation And Land Use Policies, Smart Growth BC (www.smartgrowth.bc.ca); at www.smartgrowth.bc.ca/downloads/SGBC_Health%20Report%20Final.pdf.
Go Boulder (2007), Transportation Options Tool Kit, Go Boulder Program, City of Boulder, Colorado (www.goboulder.net); at www.ci.boulder.co.us/files/Transportation_Master_Plan/TDM_Toolkit.pdf.
GTZ (2003), Sustainable Transportation: A Sourcebook for Policy-Makers in Developing Countries, (www.sutp.org), by the Sustainable Urban Transport Project – Asia (www.sutp-asia.org) and Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (www.gtz.de). Many of these documents are now available in various languages including Spanish, French, Chinese, Indonesian, Romanian, Thai and Vietnamese. The Mobility Management module is at the VTPI website (www.vtpi.org/gtz_module.pdf). Preserving and Expanding the Role of Non-motorized Transport: Sustainable Transportation is at the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy website (www.itdp.org/STe/STe4/readSTe4/NMT.PDF).
HMSO (1997), Road Traffic Reduction Act 1997, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office (www.hmso.gov.uk/acts/acts1997/1997054.htm).
I-ce (2000), The Significance of Non-Motorised Transport for Developing Countries: Strategies for Policy Development, World Bank, Urban Transport Strategy Review (http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/transport/utsr.nsf).
ICF Incorporated (1997), Opportunities to Improve Air Quality Through Transportation Pricing Programs, USEPA (www.epa.gov/omswww/market.htm).
ICF Consulting and CUTR (2005), Analyzing the Effectiveness of Commuter Benefits Programs, TCTP Report 107, Transportation Research Board (www.trb.org); at http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_107.pdf.
ICLEI (1995), Commuting in the Greenhouse: Automobile Trip Reduction Programs for Municipal Employees, International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (www.iclei.org).
ICLEI, Case Studies, (www3.iclei.org/iclei/casestud.htm), Case Reference & Cities Database (www.iclei.org/iclei/icrsrch.htm), and European Good Practice Information Service “Local Sustainability” (http://cities21.com/coldfus/citylist.dbm). Extensive information on best practices by local governments and agencies, including many involving transportation and land use policies.
ICMA (2005), Creating a Regulatory Blueprint for Healthy Community Design: A Local Government Guide to Reforming Zoning and Land Development Codes, International City/County Management Association (www.icma.org) and Active Living By Design (www.activelivingleadership.org).
IISD, Sustainable Development Gateway, International Institute for Sustainable Development (www.sdgateway.net/topics/111.htm) contains case studies and other resources developed by members of the Sustainable Development Communications Network (SDCN). Transportation studies, case studies, assessments, colloquia, etc. 21 titles link to the relevant sites. Covering over 50 topics, the SD Topics section includes links to more than 1,200 documents: www.sdgateway.net/topics/default.htm
ITE (1997), A Toolbox for Alleviating Traffic Congestion and Enhancing Mobility, Institute of Transportation Engineers (www.ite.org); at www.itsdocs.fhwa.dot.gov/jpodocs/repts_te/5dz01!.pdf.
ITE (2003), Smart Growth Transportation Guidelines, Smart Growth Task Force, Institute of Transportation Engineers (www.ite.org).
JHK & Associates (1995), Transportation-Related Land Use Strategies to Minimize Motor Vehicle Emissions, California Air Resources Board (www.arb.ca.gov).
Curtis Johnson (2003), Market Choices and Fair Prices: Research Suggests Surprising Answers to Regional Growth Dilemmas, Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota (www.cts.umn.edu/trg/research/reports/TRG_17.html).
Kittelson & Associates (1999), Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, Web Document 6, Project A-15. Transit Cooperative Research Program, TRB (www.trb.org); at www4.nationalacademies.org/trb/crp.nsf/All+Projects/TCRP+A-15.
Jonathan Levine (2006), Zoned Out: Regulation, Markets, and Choices in Transportation and Metropolitan Land-Use, Resources for the Future (www.rff.org).
Todd Litman (2001), You Can Get There from Here; Evaluating Transportation Diversity, VTPI (www.vtpi.org); at www.vtpi.org/choice.pdf.
Todd Litman (2001), What’s It Worth? Life Cycle and Benefit/Cost Analysis for Evaluating Economic Value, Presented at Internet Symposium on Benefit-Cost Analysis, Transportation Association of Canada (www.tac-atc.ca); at www.vtpi.org/worth.pdf.
Todd Litman (2003), “Measuring Transportation: Traffic, Mobility and Accessibility,” ITE Journal (www.ite.org), Vol. 73, No. 10, October 2003, pp. 28-32, at www.vtpi.org/measure.pdf.
Todd Litman (2006), Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis Guidebook, Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org); at www.vtpi.org/tca.
Todd Litman (2006), Planning Principles and Practices, Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org); at www.vtpi.org/planning.pdf. This paper summarizes key principles and practices for effective land use and transportation planning.
Todd Litman (2006), Parking Management Best Practices, Planners Press (www.planning.org).
Todd Litman (2006), Parking Management: Strategies, Evaluation and Planning, Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org); at www.vtpi.org/park_man.pdf.
Todd Litman (2006), Parking Taxes: Evaluating Options and Impacts, VTPI (www.vtpi.org); at www.vtpi.org/parking_tax.pdf.
Todd Litman (2007), Socially Optimal Transport Pricing and Markets, VTPI (www.vtpi.org); at www.vtpi.org/sotpm.pdf.
Todd Litman, Charles Komanoff and Douglas Howell (1998), Road Relief; Tax and Pricing Shifts for a Fairer, Cleaner, and Less Congested Transportation System in Washington State, Climate Solutions (www.climatesolutions.org); also see discussion in Litman, “Transportation Market Reforms for Sustainability,” Transportation Research Record 1702, 2000, pp. 11-20.
Michael M'Gonigle and Justine Starke (2006), Planet U: Sustaining the World, Reinventing The University, New Society Publishing (www.newsociety.com).
Hugh McClintock (2001), Comprehensive Planning Bibliographies, Institute of Urban Planning, School of the Built Environment, University of Nottingham, U.K (www.nottingham.ac.uk/sbe/planbiblios/bibs). Provides comprehensive references and links for transportation and land use planning.
Michael Meyer (2001), Measuring System Performance: The Key to Establishing Operations as a Core Agency Mission, National Dialogue on Transportation Operations
(www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/Speech%20Files/FHWAPerformancemeasures.doc).
MTE, Moving On the Economy Online Best Practices Database (http://w4.metrotor.on.ca/inter/mte/mte.nsf/$defaultview?OpenView&Count=5) is an ever-expanding searchable inventory of economic success stories in sustainable transportation.
MTE, Mobility in the Developing World and Sustainable Transportation Live (www.movingtheeconomy.ca), by Moving the Economy and the Canadian International Development Agency, is a website that provides information on how developing country cities are applying sustainable transportation principles to help reduce traffic congestion, facility costs, pollution and other transport problems.
Peter Newman and Jeff Kenworthy (1999), Sustainability and Cities; Overcoming Automobile Dependency, Island Press (Covelo; www.islandpress.org).
NALGEP (2005), Clean Communities on the Move: A Partnership-Driven Approach to Clean Air and Smart Transportation, National Association of Local Government Environmental Professionals (NALGEP), (www.nalgep.org).
NCS, Climate Protection Manual For Mayors,
Natural Capital Solutions (www.natcapsolutions.org/ClimateProtectionManual.htm),
provides case studies, best practices, cost/benefit analyses, legislation,
technical descriptions and contacts to facilitate local energy conservation and
emission reduction planning and program implementation.
OECD (1995), Urban Travel and Sustainable Development, OECD (www.oecd.org), pp. 114-115.
OECD (2000), Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) Best Practice Competition, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (www1.oecd.org/env/ccst/est/curract/vienna2000/EST-Best-Practices-Synthesis-Report-Part2.pdf). Includes 18 transportation best practices case studies.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (1997), Guidance on the Use of Market Mechanisms to Reduce Transportation Emissions, USEPA (www.epa.gov/omswww/market.htm).
OUM (2001), TDM Success Stories, Washington State Department of Transportation (www.wsdot.wa.gov/mobility/TDM/TDMsuccess.html).
Noxon Associates (2008), The Case For TDM In Canada: Transportation Demand Management Initiatives And Their Benefits – A Handbook For Practitioners, Association for Commuter Transportation of Canada (www.actcanada.com); at www.actcanada.com/EN/Downloads/Case%20for%20TDM%20in%20Canada%20FINAL%20October%202008.pdf.
PBIC, Image Library (www.pedbikeimages.org), by the Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center (www.walkinginfo.org) provides an extensive collection of photographs related to walking and cycling.
PPS (2000), How Transportation and Community Partnerships Are Shaping America; Part I: Transit Stops and Stations, Project for Public Spaces (www.pps.org); American Public Transportation Association, 1999; Part II: Streets and Roads, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 2000.
Richard H. Pratt (1999-2009), Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes, Third Edition, TCRP Report 95, DOT-FH-11-9579, TRB (www.trb.org); at www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1034.
PROSPECTS (2003), Transport Strategy: A Decisionmakers Guidebook, Konsult, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds (www.konsult.leeds.ac.uk); at www.konsult.leeds.ac.uk/public/level1/sec00/index.htm.
RAND (2008), Moving Los Angeles: Short-Term Transportation Policy Options for Improving Transportation, Rand Corporation (www.rand.org); at www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG748.pdf.
Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC) has 4 urban transportation success stories, summarized and referenced, at www.rec.org/REC/Programs/SustainableCities/Transportation.html and 2 car use reduction successes, summarized and referenced, at www.rec.org/REC/Programs/SustainableCities/Land.html
Rural Transport Knowledge Base (www.transport-links.org/rtkb/English\Intro.htm) is a set of reference and training material of the latest thinking and practice in the field of rural transport.
SAVE (2001), Toolbox for Mobility Management in Companies, European Commission (www.mobilitymanagement.be). This website provides information to help companies develop a mobility plan in order to encourage the use of public transport, collective company transport, car-pooling, walking and cycling for home-work journeys.
Judith Schwenk (1995), TransitChek in the New York City and Philadelphia Areas, Volpe Transportation Systems Centre, USDOT (http://ohm.volpe.dot.gov).
Karen E. Seggerman, Sara J. Hendricks and E. Spencer Fleury (2005), Incorporating TDM into the Land Development Process, National Center for Transportation Research, Center for Urban Transportation Research (www.nctr.usf.edu/pdf/576-11.pdf).
Donald Shoup (1999), “The Trouble With Minimum Parking Requirements,” Transportation Research A, Vol. 33, No. 7/8, Sept./Nov. 1999, pp. 549-574; at www.vtpi.org/shoup.pdf.
Sierra Club (2005), Healthy Growth Calculator: Where Do You Want to Live?, Sierra Club (www.sierraclub.org/sprawl/density/choose_density.asp).
SGN (2002 and 2004), Getting To Smart Growth: 100 Policies for Implementation, and Getting to Smart Growth II: 100 More Policies for Implementation, Smart Growth Network (www.smartgrowth.org) and International City/County Management Association (www.icma.org).
Donald Shoup (2005), Parking Cash Out, Report 532, Planning Advisory Service (www.planning.org/pas), American Planning Association.
Nancy Skinner and Stuart Cohen (1996), Commuting in the Greenhouse; Automobile Trip Reduction Programs for Municipal Employees, International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (www.iclei.org).
Jeffery J. Smith and Thomas A. Gihring (2003), Financing Transit Systems Through Value Capture: An Annotated Bibliography (Previously titled: Does Public Transit Service Raise Nearby Property Values Enough To Pay For Itself Were The Value Captured?), Geonomy Society (www.progress.org/geonomy); at www.vtpi.org/smith.pdf.
Strategic Policy Options for Sustainable Development Database (www.iges.or.jp/cgi-bin/rispo/index_spo.cgi), Research on Innovative and Strategic Policy Options (RISPO) by the Institute for Global Environmental Studies provides information, recommended best practices and case studies on a wide range of sustainable policies and strategies.
Jan A. Schwaab and Sascha Thielmann (2001), Economic Instruments for Sustainable Road Transport. An overview for Policy Makers in Developing Countries, GTZ (www.gtz.de) and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (www.unescap.org); at www.gtz.de/dokumente/Economic_Instruments_for_Sustainable_Road_Transport.pdf.
TC, Moving On Sustainable Transportation (MOST), Transport Canada (www.tc.gc.ca/EnvAffairs/most/successful_submissions.shtml). Program supports education and awareness-raising projects that promote sustainable transportation. Also see the Case Study Library Profiling Twenty-Five Innovative Approaches To Sustainable Urban Transportation In Canada, (www.tc.gc.ca/programs/environment/UTSP/casestudylibrary.htm).
TDM Resource Center (1996), Transportation Demand Management; A Guide to Including TDM Strategies in Major Investment Studies and in Planning for Other Transportation Projects, Office of Urban Mobility, WSDOT (www.wsdot.wa.gov).
Transport Geography on the Web (www.people.hofstra.edu/geotrans) is an Internet resource to promote access to transport geography information, including articles, maps, figures, and datatsets.
Toolbox for Regional Policy Analysis Website (www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/toolbox/index.htm) by the US Federal Highway Administration, describes analytical methods for evaluating regional economic, social and environmental impacts of various transportation and land use policies.
UITP, Mobility in Cities Database (www.uitp.com/Project/index29.htm)
USEPA (1996), Technical Methods for Analyzing Pricing Measures to Reduce Transportation Emissions, USEPA Report #231-R-98-006, (www.epa.gov/clariton).
USEPA (1998), Commute Alternative Incentives, Transportation and Air Quality TCM Technical Overviews, US Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov/oms/transp/publicat/pub_tech.htm).
USEPA (2001), Directory of Air Quality Economic Incentive Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (http://yosemite.epa.gov/aa/programs.nsf).
USEPA (2002), Transportation Control Measures Program Information Directory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (http://yosemite.epa.gov/aa/tcmsitei.nsf). This is an on-line searchable database with approximately 120 case studies of programs that reduce transportation pollution emissions.
USEPA, Smart Growth Policy Database, US Environmental Protection Agency (http://cfpub.epa.gov/sgpdb/browse.cfm) provides information on dozens of policies that encourage more efficient transportation and land use patterns, with hundreds of case studies.
Walk & Roll: A Guide to Active Transport To, From, and At the Workplace, Canadian Council for Health and Active Living at Work (www.goforgreen.ca/resources/Resource.html).
WBCSD, Sustainable Mobility Project, World Business Council on Sustainable Development (www.wbcsdmobility.org/mobility_web/index.asp) includes 200 mobility case studies with brief descriptions and Internet links.
Wim Wiewel and Gerrit-Jan Knaap (2005), Partnerships for Smart Growth: University-Community Collaboration for Better Public Spaces, Smart Growth, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/univ_collaboration.htm).
Philip Winters and Daniel Rudge (1995), Commute Alternatives Educational Outreach, National Urban Transit Institute, Center for Urban Transportation Research, University of South Florida (Tampa; www.cutr.eng.usf.edu).
WHO, Case Studies On Sustainable Development 2004, World Health Organization (www.who.dk/eprise/main/WHO/Progs/HCP/Documentation/20010917_2)
Worksite Trip Reduction Model (www.nctr.usf.edu/worksite) is an Internet-based computer model that can be used to predict the effects of a particular Commute Trip Reduction program.
World Bank, Urban Transport Group Case Studies, World Bank (www.worldbank.org/transport/urbtrans/pubtrans.htm) includes information on projects in the developing world, with summaries/abstracts and full texts.
World Bank (2000), Cities on the Move; A World Bank Urban Transport Strategy Review, World Bank, Urban Transport Section (http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/transport/utsr.nsf).
WSDOT (1999), Employee Transportation Coordinator Handbook, Washington State CTR Program (www.wsdot.wa.gov/pubtran/ctr).
American Planning Association (www.planning.org) has extensive resources for community and transport planning.
America WALKs (www.webwalking.com/amwalks) is a national advocacy coalition that promotes walking.
Association for Commuter Transportation (www.actweb.org) is a non-profit organization supporting TDM programs. It has extensive resources for TDM planning and program development.
Best Workplaces for Commuters (www.bwc.gov) is a program sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Transportation to recognize employers that provide outstanding commuter benefits. The website has a variety of resources concerning various Commute Trip Reduction strategies.
Bureau of Transportation Statistics (www.bts.gov) provides comprehensive transportation information.
Better Environmentally Sound Transportation (BEST) (www.sustainability.com/best) promotes alternative modes of travel throughout the Vancouver region.
The California Air Resources Board (www.arb.ca.gov/linkage/linkage.htm) provides a variety of information about more efficient transportation and land use.
Carfree Cities Network (www.carfree.com).
Center of Excellence for Sustainable Development (www.sustainable.doe.gov) is a US Department of Energy program that supports more resource efficient development.
The Center for Livable Communities, which is part of the Local Government Commission (www.lgc.org/clc), provides practical tools for innovative land use and transportation planning.
The Center for Neighborhood Technology (www.cnt.org/lem/apaframe.htm) promotes public policies, new resources and accountable authority, which support sustainable, just and vital urban communities. They have innovative research on location-efficient mortgages.
Centre for Sustainable Transportation (www.cstctd.org) is a research institute with newsletter, research papers.
Center for a Sustainable Economy (www.sustainableeconomy.org) provides resources concerning tax shifting and environmental tax reform.
Center for Urban Transportation Research, USF (http://cutr.eng.usf.edu) provides TDM materials and classes and publishes TMA Clearinghouse Quarterly.
Citizen Planner Institute (www.citizenplanner.com) trains average citizens, public officials, business people, and kids in the basics of neighborhood and town design.
Commuter Challenge Program (www.CommuterChallenge.org) is a non-profit organization that provides businesses with expertise and support to create innovative solutions that reduce commute trips.
Commuter Check (www.commutercheck.com) works with transit agencies to provide transit vouchers as tax-exempt employee benefit.
Congress for New Urbanism (www.cnu.org) is a professional organization and information resource for New Urbanism community planning.
Conservation Law Foundation (www.clf.org) is an environmental organization that provides a variety of useful information on community and transportation planning.
Cutting Your Car Use Website (www.cuttingyourcaruse.co.uk) provides information on ways that individuals can reduce personal automobile use.
Detour Publications (www.detourpublications.com) is a non-profit, on-line bookstore that provides over 200 educational and how-to resources focusing on sustainable transportation, urban planning and climate change.
Department for Transport, United Kingdom, (www.roads.dft.gov.uk) has extensive resources on transportation and land use planning, travel demand management, and traffic calming.
Earthscan (www.earthscan.co.uk) publishes a variety of books on transport policy, environment and sustainable development.
Earth Track (www.earthtrack.net) documents energy subsidies and market distortions.
Economic Development Research Group (www.edrgroup.com) provides extensive information on economic evaluation methods.
Environment Canada Green Lane (www.ec.gc.ca/emission/5-1e.html) promotes TDM and other strategies for reducing transportation environmental impacts.
EU CORDIS Transport Projects (www.cordis.lu/transport/src/project.htm) includes a variety of research projects to promote more balanced transportation.
European Federation for Transport and Environment (www.t-e.nu) is Europe’s primary non-governmental organization campaigning on a European level for an environmentally responsible approach to transport. T&E is an umbrella organization of 36+ member organizations covering 20 countries.
European Local Transport Information Service (ELTIS) (www.eltis.org/en/search.htm) is an on-line guide to over 400 transportation measures, policies and practices in Europe. Search its extensive database via keywords or “transport concepts.” Abstracts link to full documents and web links.
European Program for Mobility Management (www.epommweb.org) provides resources for transportation demand management planning and program development.
European Transport Policy Information System Development (www.etis-link.info) provides information on strategic issues concerning infrastructure investments, forecasts, projects and policy impact assessments.
European Transport Pricing Initiatives (www.transport-pricing.ne) includes various efforts to develop more fair and efficient pricing. Specific European transportation pricing projects are described below:
AFFORD (www.vatt.fi/afford) is an evaluation of optimal transportation pricing policies.
CAPRI (www.its.leeds.ac.uk/projects/capri) is disseminating research on transportation pricing.
CORDIS Project - Transport (www.cordis.lu/cost-transport/src/cost-342.htm) is a major European study of best practice in pricing and land use management policies to improve mobility and address energy and emission problems.
CUPID (Co-ordinating Urban Pricing Integrated Demonstrations), European Transport Pricing Initiative, Project No. GRD1-1999-10958, European Commission, Competitive and Sustainable Growth Programme (www.transport-pricing.net/reports22.html), November, 2001.
ExternE (http://externe.jrc.es) involves research into external costs of transport.
IMPRINT (www.imprint-eu.org) is an effort to promote implementation of fair and efficient transport pricing.
PETS (www.cordis.lu/transport/src/pets.htm) assesses current pricing of transport modes in European Union member countries.
TRACE (www.hcg.nl/projects/trace/trace1.htm) provides costs of private road travel and their effects on demand, including short and long-term elasticities. Sponsored by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Transport.
TRENEN (www.cordis.lu/transport/src/trenen.htm) is an effort to develop models for transport, environment and energy.
UNITE (www.its.leeds.ac.uk/projects/unite) involves transport cost accounting.
Eurostat (www.europa.eu.int) provides statistical information on European countries, including vehicle ownership, personal and freight travel, population and income.
FCM (2008), Improving Travel Options with Transportation Demand Management (TDM), Centre for Sustainable Community Development, Federation of Canadian Municipalities (www.sustainablecommunities.fcm.ca); at www.sustainablecommunities.fcm.ca/files/Capacity_Building_Transportation/TransportationDemandManagement-e.pdf.
Federal Transit Administration (www.fta.dot.gov) provides a variety of resources for transit planning, including extensive information on transit planning, and TDM Status Reports (www.fta.dot.gov/library/planning/tdmstatus/tdm.htm).
Geography Resources (www.qozi.com/geography) provides geography related news, books and web resources.
Go For Green (www.goforgreen.ca) has a variety of resources promoting alternative transportation.
Global Urban Sustainability Solutions Exchange (GUSSE) (www.gusse.org) is an Internet resource for sharing urban sustainability information. International partners work together to curate thousands of existing online sources of sustainability information, similar to sites such as Wikipedia.
Information and Publicity Helping the Objective of Reducing Motorized Mobility (INPHORMM) (www.wmin.ac.uk/Env/UDP/phorm/inphormm.htm) is an organization that supports TDM marketing efforts.
Institute for Transportation Development Policy (ITDP) (www.itdp.org/tra/tra_5/index.html) promotes sustainable and equitable transportation policies and projects worldwide.
The Institute of Transportation Engineers (www.ite.org) has extensive technical resources on TDM, transportation planning and traffic calming.
International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (www.iclei.org) provides tools to help communities become healthier and more environmentally responsible. Also see the Australian Travel Demand Management for Local Governments website (www3.iclei.org/ccp-au/tdm/index.html).
International Institute for Highway Safety (www.hwysafety.org) provides information on traffic crashes and safety strategies.
International Network for Urban Development (INTA) (www.inta-aivn.org/99-menus/ContentFrameSet10.htm) is an international network promoting urban development best practices exchange.
International Union of Public Transport (www.uitp.com) is an international organization that supports public transit.
It All Adds Up to Cleaner Air (www.italladdsup.gov) is a public information program sponsored by The Alliance for Clean Air and Transportation, a coalition of government and private organizations to raise awareness of the connection between transportation choices, traffic congestion, and air quality.
Konsult: Knowledgebase on Sustainable Urban Land use and Transport (www.elseviersocialsciences.com/transport/konsult/public/level0/l0_hom.htm and www.env.leeds.ac.uk/its) provides up-to-date information on the performance of a wide range of urban transport policy instruments.
Moving the Economy (www.movingtheeconomy.ca), provides information on how to support economic development through more efficient transportation.
National Bicycle and Pedestrian Clearinghouse (www.bikefed.org/clear.htm) provides extensive resources related to non-motorized transport planning and promotion.
National TDM and Telework Clearinghouse (www.nctr.usf.edu/clearinghouse) provides current information and resources on Transportation Demand Management and Telework programs.
National Transportation Library (www.bts.gov/NTS) has extensive resources, some of which are available to download, and others that can be ordered.
New Colonist (www.newcolonist.com), a web magazine about urban living, provides information on New Urbanist and Smart Growth issues.
Partnership for a Walkable America (http://nsc.org/walk/wkabout.htm) promotes the benefits of walking and supports efforts to make communities more pedestrian friendly.
Planning for Sustainable Travel (www.plan4sustainabletravel.org) provides information on various planning strategies that create more efficient, accessible, multi-modal transportation systems.
Quality Information Center (http://quality.transportation.org) is an AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials) sponsored website to enable state highway and transportation agencies and other organizations involved in transportation to share information about their continuous quality improvement activities.
Rural Transport Knowledge Base (www.transport-links.org/rtkb/English\Intro.htm) is a set of reference and training material of the latest thinking and practice in the field of rural transport.
San Francisco Planning and Urban Research (www.spur.org).
Sierra Club Transportation Program (www.sierraclub.org/transportation/choose/index.html) provides information on transportation policies that can help protect the environment.
Smart Growth Network (www.smartgrowth.org) advocates land use policy reforms.
Surface Transportation Environment and Planning Cooperative Research Program (www.fhwa.dot.gov/hep/step/index.htm) provides research information in the area of Planning, Environment and Land Use.
Sustainable Transport in Europe And Links And Liaisons With America (STELLA) (www.stellaproject.org) is a network to facilitate innovative transportation research between Europe and North America.
Surface Transportation Policy Project (www.transact.org) provides information and advocacy for more balanced transportation policies.
The SUSTRAN network (www.geocities.com/sustrannet) promotes and popularises people-centred, equitable and sustainable transport, with a focus on Asia and the Pacific. Provides useful information on implementing TDM in developing countries.
Sustainable Development Online (http://sd-online.ewindows.eu.org) has information on sustainable development programs throughout the world.
Toolbox for Regional Policy Analysis Website (www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/toolbox/index.htm) by the US Federal Highway Administration, describes analytical methods for evaluating regional economic, social and environmental impacts of various transportation and land use policies.
Tools of Change (www.toolsofchange.com) website describes methods for promoting health and environmental citizenship.
TrafficLinq (www.trafficlinq.com) provides extensive Internet links related to traffic and transportation.
Transport Geography on the Web (www.people.hofstra.edu/geotrans) is an Internet resource to promote access to transport geography information, including articles, maps, figures, and datatsets.
Transport Resource Centre (www.transport-links.org/rcs) is a world-wide consortium of groups and individuals with specialist knowledge in the field of transport research.
Transportation Air Quality Center (www.epa.gov/omswww/transp/traqmkti.htm) is a website of the USEPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality that provides information on market incentives for reducing transportation air emissions.
Transportation Association of Canada (Ottawa; www.tac-atc.ca) provides a variety of resources related to transportation planning and TDM.
Transportation Control Measures Directory (http://yosemite.epa.gov/aa\tcmsitei.nsf) is a U.S. EPA resource that provides a searchable database of TDM program case studies.
Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Database (www.tc.gc.ca/programs/environment/UTSP/tdm.htm) by Transport Canada, contains profiles and results for transportation management projects that foster energy efficiency, sustainable development, accessibility and increased productivity by influencing urban travel behaviours.
Transportation for Livable Communities (www.tlcnetwork.org) provides transportation and land use planning resources to create more livable communities.
Transportation Planet (www.transportationplanet.com) seeks to educate viewers about the importance of balanced transportation using images of various transportation activities and services.
TransPriceProject (www.cordis.lu/transport/src/transpricerep.htm) is a major European project to investigate a trans modal, integrated pricing and financing regime for urban transport
Transportation Research Laboratory (www.trl.co.uk) is the largest transportation research center in the UK.
Tri-State Transportation Campaign (www.tstc.org) is an alliance of public interest, transit advocacy, planning and environmental organizations working to create more balanced transportation in the New York/New Jersey/Connecticut metropolitan region.
TravelSmart (www.travelsmart.transport.wa.gov.au) is a community-based program that encourages people to use alternatives to travelling in their private car.
UK Local Transport (www.local-transport.detr.gov.uk/ult/urban2/contents.htm) provides information on local planning resources to encourage more balanced transportation.
University of California Transportation Systems Center (www.uctc.net) provides a wide range of research publications.
Urban Land Institute (www.uli.org) is a professional organization for developers that provides practical information on innovative development practices, including infill and sustainable community planning.
Value Pricing Homepage (www.valuepricing.org) at the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute for Public Policy, provides information on Value Pricing (Congestion Pricing) principles, resources and projects.
Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) provides resources for planning and evaluating TDM, bicycling and walking programs.
Walkable Communities (www.walkable.org) helps create people-oriented environments.
Wisconsin DOT Internet Online Research Library (www.dot.wisconsin.gov/news/news/2003general/opa-researchlibrary12.htm).
World Bank, Urban Transport Group (www.worldbank.org/transport/urbtrans) provides information on urban transportation policy reform.
World Health Organization Healthy Cities Project (www.who.dk/london99) provides information on international efforts to create healthy cities.
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Although neither had pilot training, Bob and Bill rented a private plane, confident that they could figure out how to control it on their own, due to their experience with computer flight simulators. They managed to take off, and were able to control it in the air just fine, but the touchdown was pretty rough. After they screeched to a stop Bob turned to Bill and said, “Boy, that’s a short runway!”
“Yes,” Bill agreed, “but look how wide it is!” |
This Encyclopedia is produced by the Victoria Transport Policy Institute to help improve understanding of Transportation Demand Management. It is an ongoing project. Please send us your comments and suggestions for improvement.
Victoria Transport Policy Institute
www.vtpi.org info@vtpi.org
1250 Rudlin Street, Victoria, BC, V8V 3R7, CANADA
Phone & Fax 250-360-1560
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