Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Strategies

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TDM Encyclopedia

Victoria Transport Policy Institute

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About This Encyclopedia

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Updated 6 April 2008


This chapter identifies and evaluates various strategies to reduce transport energy consumption and pollution emissions. These include Transportation Demand Management strategies that affect travel behavior; incentives for more efficient and less polluting vehicles; alternative fuels; methods to identify, repair and scrap high-emitting vehicles; regulations; pricing and information programs. It discusses ways to evaluate and compare these strategies and recommends best practices.

 

 

Contents

Introduction. 2

Factors Affecting Vehicle Energy Consumption, Emissions and Exposure. 5

Comparing Clean Vehicle and TDM Strategies. 11

Demand Management Strategies. 14

Distance-Based Emission Fees. 14

Fuel Tax Increases. 15

Freight Transport Management 16

Aviation Transport Management 17

TDM Programs. 18

Pay-As-You-Drive Vehicle Insurance and Other Distance Based Fees. 18

Market Reforms. 19

Land Use Management Strategies. 20

Nonmotorized Transportation Improvements and Encouragement 21

Ridesharing. 21

Road Pricing. 22

Transit Improvements and Incentives. 22

High Occupant Vehicle (HOV) Priority. 23

Parking Management and Parking Pricing. 24

TDM Marketing. 24

Traffic Calming and Roundabouts. 24

Car-Free Planning and Vehicle Restrictions. 25

Telework. 25

Speed Reductions. 25

Sustainable Transportation Planning. 26

Other Strategies. 26

Promote Efficient and Low Emission Vehicle Purchases. 26

Emission Standards. 26

Fuel Efficiency Standards. 27

Gas Guzzler Taxes. 27

Feebates. 27

Close Gas Guzzler Loopholes. 28

Efficiency-Based Annual Registration Fees. 28

Transit Emission Reduction Programs. 28

Motorcycle Encouragement 28

Super-Efficient and Alternative Fuel Vehicle Incentives. 29

Low and Zero Emission Vehicle Mandates. 29

Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) Programs. 29

Roadside “High Emitter” Identification. 29

Scrapage Programs. 30

Fuel Quality Improvements. 30

Emission Capping and Trading. 31

Fleet Management and Driver Training. 31

Anti-Idling. 32

Neighborhood Vehicles. 32

Resurface Highways. 32

Summary of Emission Reduction Strategies. 32

Policy Reforms and Incentives. 33

Congestion-Reduction Strategies. 33

Flextime.